Cancer has ＂boiled＂ into a chronic disease! 15 small signs of pre-cancer must be known!

　　When it comes to cancer, our first impression is often a terminal illness, which makes people "talk about cancer." The data shared at the 10th annual meeting of the National Cancer Center shows that the 5-year survival rate of cancer in China has increased from 30.9% to 40.5% in the past decade. Although the incidence of cancer has increased, with the change of public concept and the progress of medical treatment, cancer has become a chronic disease in China. ①②

　　Figure from White Deer Video ②

　　In fact, it may take several years from early cancer to late cancer. And with the development of medical technology, after scientific treatment, the five-year survival rate of many cancers has been above 90%.

　　Cancer has become a chronic disease.

　　The "Core Information and Knowledge Points of Cancer Prevention and Control" issued by the CDC of the National Health and Wellness Commission pointed out: "Cancer is a kind of chronic disease that seriously endangers people’s health." ③

　　It may take several years for cancer from early stage to late stage.

　　The development of most cancers is not so fast, and the pathogenic process of cancer is also very long. It takes quite a long time from normal cells to cancer cells, from continuous division and proliferation into cell clusters to "visible" diagnosable cancer nodules, ranging from a few years, usually taking more than ten to twenty years, or decades. ④

　　It’s just that some symptoms are ignored by us as ordinary physical discomfort, so that once they are discovered, they are in the late stage. Naturally, they feel that the disease is progressing rapidly and it is difficult to treat and recover.

　　Figure from Shanghai CDC ⑤

　　2. Scientifically treat some cancers, and the five-year survival rate is over 90%

　　With the change of people’s concept and the progress of medical level, cancer has changed towards the development direction of chronic diseases in China. In 2021, according to the statistics of the National Cancer Center, the five-year survival rate of malignant tumors has increased from 30.9% ten years ago to 40.5% at present, an increase of nearly 10 percentage points. For some malignant tumors, such as esophageal cancer, the five-year survival rate has been higher than that of developed countries such as the United States. ⑥

　　Yao Zhendan, deputy chief physician of the Fourth Ward of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center of Peking University Cancer Hospital, said in a video interview with Bailu that the treatment effect of early cancer is excellent. According to statistics, the five-year survival rate of early gastric cancer and intestinal cancer is above 90%, the five-year survival rate of middle gastric cancer is about 50%, and the five-year survival rate of middle intestinal cancer is about 70%. Even for patients with advanced cancer, the survival rate becomes better after treatment, and the survival time with cancer is longer. ②

　　Image from White Deer Video

　　Therefore, early detection and treatment of cancer is very necessary.

　　15 small signs of pre-cancer to know!

　　What are the symptoms and signs of early cancer? This is a problem that many people are concerned about. Pan Zhanhe, deputy chief physician of the Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Xiamen University, listed 15 possible symptoms and signs in the early stage of cancer in the "Oncologist" WeChat publication in 2018 for your reference. ⑦

　　1. Masses and nodules

　　Mass nodules are not necessarily cancer, we can make a preliminary judgment on it:

　　Look at the size. The smaller the nodule, the more likely it is to be benign, of course, it is not absolute, so we should pay attention to follow-up and review; Pay attention if the nodule is more than 1 cm. Note that nodules that continue to increase, especially those that increase rapidly, tend to be malignant and should be paid special attention to.

　　Look at the texture. Soft or cystic masses tend to be benign; Hard, fixed or solid masses tend to be malignant, but the swollen lymph nodes of lymphoma are tough to the touch.

　　Third, look at the boundary and activity. Benign tumors usually have clear boundaries and good activity; Most malignant tumors have unclear boundaries, often adhere to or fuse with surrounding tissues, and their activity is poor.

　　Health Times Mao Yuanyuan/photo

　　2. Persistent pain is not traumatic

　　If there is persistent pain in a certain part of the body that is not caused by trauma and has unknown reasons, you should go to the hospital to find out the reason.

　　3. Cough if you don’t cure for a long time

　　For chronic cough or blood in sputum, especially long-term smokers, we should be alert to the possibility of lung cancer.

　　4. Unexplained total fever

　　If the cause of fever is unknown and persists, you should be alert to the possibility of cancer and conduct relevant examinations as soon as possible.

　　5. Inexplicable emaciation and fatigue

　　If you don’t take the initiative to lose weight, you don’t deliberately go on a diet, but you lose weight for unknown reasons, or you are accompanied by anorexia, fatigue, fatigue, etc. To find out the reasons, emaciation and fatigue may also be one of the manifestations of cancer.

　　6. No trauma but bleeding

　　Non-traumatic abnormal bleeding, such as hematochezia or hematemesis, should pay attention to exclude the possibility of intestinal cancer and gastric cancer; Beware of lung cancer when coughing up blood and taking blood in sputum; Irregular vaginal bleeding or menstrual bleeding may be related to gynecological tumors such as endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Painless hematuria or dysuria, beware of urinary tumors; Non-traumatic epistaxis should be careful to rule out nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

　　7. Abnormal digestion persists.

　　If indigestion persists, or accompanied by acid reflux, heartburn, abdominal pain and discomfort, we should be alert to the possibility of gastric cancer or esophageal cancer.

　　8. Obstruction of swallowing food

　　If you have a feeling of bloating or burning behind the sternum, pain behind the sternum, or a feeling of foreign body in the esophagus, especially the feeling of swallowing food obstruction, you should be alert to the possibility of esophageal cancer and laryngeal cancer.

　　9. hoarseness persists and is difficult to recover

　　If hoarseness is difficult to recover and lasts for a long time, we should be alert to the possibility of laryngeal cancer, lung cancer and so on invading or oppressing the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

　　10. Changes in stool habits and characteristics

　　If the habit, frequency or character of stool changes (such as thin stool shape, pus in stool, blood and mucus, etc.), or constipation and diarrhea alternate, be alert to colorectal cancer and go to the hospital for examination as soon as possible.

　　11. White spots increase burning and itching

　　Oral leukoplakia, leukoplakia of female vulva or male penis glans rapidly expand with burning itching, and attention should be paid to eliminating canceration.

　　12. Mole enlargement and discoloration

　　If the mole suddenly increases, the edge becomes irregular or the color changes, or there is bleeding or burning pain, and the original hair on the mole falls off, it is suspected that melanoma may be possible.

　　13. Fracture is easy to occur.

　　Fractures that are easy to occur without obvious or slight external force may be pathological fractures, so we should be alert to bone malignant tumors. Teenagers should pay attention to leukemia if they have non-traumatic joint pain and swelling.

　　14. Ulcer wounds persist for a long time

　　If the skin wound or ulcer persists, be alert to the possibility of skin cancer. Oral ulcer is very common, but if it cannot heal for a long time, we should be alert to the possibility of oral cancer.

　　15. Abnormal changes in male breasts

　　Although male breast cancer is rare, if male breast grows abnormally or has other abnormal changes, you should be alert to the possibility of male breast cancer and go to a breast specialist as soon as possible.

　　Of course, these manifestations are not necessarily cancer, but remind you to pay attention to it and go to the hospital for further examination to make a clear diagnosis.

　　Early and timely detection,

　　Kill cancer in the cradle

　　For ordinary people, regular physical examination can keep abreast of their physical health; Especially in the age of high incidence of cancer, timely screening can minimize the risk. Recommendations for screening and prevention of common malignant tumors in residents (2023 edition)
It is suggested that ordinary people with general risks can arrange screening in this way: ⑧

　　Health times chart

　　For high-risk groups, especially those with a family history of cancer, screening and physical examination should be done in advance and regularly according to the doctor’s advice.

　　This article is synthesized from:

　　① On March 29th, 2023, Shanxi Daily held the 10th Annual Academic Conference of National Cancer Center.

　　② 2023-08-14 White Deer Video "# Cancer has become a chronic disease in China #"

　　③ Key Information and Knowledge Points of Cancer Prevention and Control by CDC of National Health and Wellness Commission.

　　④ 2020-09-29 WeChat WeChat official account "Oncologist" "Who is easy to get cancer? Doctors say that people with cancer belong to these five categories! 》

　　⑤ 2020-06-30 Shanghai CDC "Science of Cancer Prevention? Is cancer a chronic disease? 》

　　⑥ Written Record of the Regular Press Conference of the National Health and Wellness Committee on April 27th, 2021.

　　http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/202104/df811bc1ee8b4c8db0f0561758172ca8.shtml

　　⑦ 2018-10-29 oncologist "The most comprehensive cancer science: cancer prevention, early diagnosis, screening and treatment. The whole article includes "

　　⑧ Recommendations for Screening and Prevention of Common Malignant Tumors among Residents (2023 Edition). Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.