Renovating private ＂scenic spots＂： making the tourism environment safer and more orderly
Guangming Daily reporter Lu Yuanzhen
Going to the "planting grass" scenic spot only to find that they were cheated, charged by the privately set "road card", and were in danger because of the lack of safety facilities … … At present, emerging minority tourist destinations have become the "new favorites" of tourists, but tourists who have encountered the problem of setting up "scenic spots" privately have their own difficulties.
Recently, some places have set up "scenic spots" without the permission of relevant departments, illegally providing tourist services and illegally carrying out tourism business activities, which has caused a series of problems and hidden dangers. In this regard, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism recently announced that it is scheduled to carry out the special rectification work for privately-run "scenic spots" from September to November this year, and issued the "Special rectification work plan for privately-run" scenic spots "(hereinafter referred to as the" plan ") to further standardize the order of the tourism market, protect the ecological environment and safeguard the rights and interests of tourists. At present, all localities have begun to carry out rectification actions and open channels for complaints and reports. Why is the problem of privately setting up "scenic spots" repeatedly banned? How to cure it? What problems should the tourism industry reflect on this chaos? The reporter conducted an interview on this.
1. Privately set up "scenic spots" to disrupt market order.
"I want to go to the scenic spots with few people in the suburbs and I am afraid of stepping on thunder. Several hiking routes are also afraid of insecurity." For Ms. Xiao, who has visited many scenic spots, some minority tourist routes have attracted her attention recently, but she is in contradiction because of the news of setting up "scenic spots" privately.
Privately set up "scenic spots" has always been one of the tourism chaos, which has caused safety accidents and tourism disputes. The so-called "scenic spots" are scenic spots set without legal procedures and approval from relevant departments, which mainly include operating tourist projects without a license, collecting tickets without authorization, building tourist facilities without authorization, falsely propagating and deceiving customers, and changing land use without authorization.
Unmanned management, lack of supporting facilities and services, arbitrary charges, and worrying safety and hygiene issues … … These problems of privately setting up "scenic spots" have caused many tourists to suffer.
The Tourism Law clearly stipulates that the opening of scenic spots should have necessary tourism supporting services and auxiliary facilities, necessary safety facilities and systems, as well as necessary environmental protection facilities and ecological protection measures. Obviously, private "scenic spots" do not have these conditions and do not meet the relevant provisions of the Tourism Law.
Shi Peihua, director of the Center for Co-construction and Collaborative Innovation of Modern Tourism Development of Nankai University, pointed out that privately setting up "scenic spots" is a disorderly development of tourism resources, and it is easy to cause damage to regional environment and resources due to lack of scientific planning and guidance; Due to the lack of legal supervision and government supervision, violations are prone to occur in land, environment and construction, and the rights and interests of tourists and tourism safety are not guaranteed. "In addition, setting up scenic spots privately will disrupt the order of the tourism market, just like a black car without a business license, and damage the legitimate rights and interests of regular scenic spots."
"It is of great significance to carry out the rectification of private scenic spots, which has multiple functions such as plugging loopholes, treating blind spots, preventing shocks and ensuring security. Through rectification, the externalities of unregulated tourism business activities can be limited, the basic industry order can be maintained, and the safety and legitimate rights and interests of tourists can be guaranteed." Jin Zhun, secretary general of the Tourism Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said.
2. Why is the phenomenon of setting up "scenic spots" privately repeated?
"Raiders of Wild Attractions", "Treasure Photographing Place" and "A Good Place to Tread Water for Free in Summer" … … In some social platforms and short video platforms, such recommendations are very attractive. The influence of the Internet encourages the behavior of setting up "scenic spots" privately, which not only involves false propaganda, but also makes some people set up cards near the scenic spots while it is hot, making tourists shout "being fooled".
The reporter searched a social platform and found that there are still many notes recommending wild attractions and hiking routes. For example, when a blogger recommended the hiking route in Aoyugou, a suburb of Beijing, he bluntly said that it was not a scenic spot and unmanned. Some comments said that "someone stopped charging", "it was all a filter effect" and "I will never go again".
The problem of privately setting up "scenic spots" has a long history, and there are deeper reasons besides the network. Experts pointed out that the main reasons include three aspects, one is profit-driven, the other is lack of supervision, and the third is insufficient supply.
"For speculators who want to make quick money, set up ‘ Attractions ’ The threshold is not high, the investment is low, the effect is quick, the profit-making space is large, and the lack of supervision makes the illegal cost low. Privately set up ‘ Attractions ’ The supervision of behavior involves multiple departments, and it is easy to produce blind spots and loopholes in the specific supervision process. " Shi Peihua said.
Jin Zhun believes that the cross-management of multi-departments has both a part of multi-head management and a blind spot in management, which gives the relevant formats room for barbaric growth; The rapid development of new formats has also accumulated many problems, which have touched the blank points in the management of traditional scenic spots.
From the perspective of supply and demand, the number of existing scenic spots is insufficient, and it does not meet the demand of tourists for upgrading their tourism consumption, which creates opportunities for the barbaric growth of private "scenic spots". Such as camping, exploring, hiking and other outdoor travel methods have a large number of enthusiasts, but some traditional scenic spots do not have these functions and cannot meet the needs of tourists.
"At present, it is difficult to define the nature of the business behavior that has the nature of scenic spots but has not been accepted as the management of scenic spots. Especially after the wave of camping, hiking and leisure sports, the boundaries between traditional scenic spots, quasi-scenic spots and resources to be developed have become increasingly blurred, and there are a series of problems in defining the management boundaries and certification of scenic spots." Jin Zhun said.
3. Multi-party joint efforts to build a long-term regulatory mechanism
There have been many rectification actions in various places to illegally set up "scenic spots", but it is still easy to "revive" after the action. Experts pointed out that it takes many forces to eradicate this chaos. Through multi-department joint law enforcement, the efficiency of supervision and governance will be improved, the supervision power will be integrated, the supervision and law enforcement will be strengthened, and the illegal cost will be raised.
The "Program" clarified the key points of work and required all localities to conduct a comprehensive investigation on the problem of privately setting up "scenic spots" within their jurisdiction; According to the results of the investigation, immediately carry out rectification according to the law. At the same time, strict law enforcement and punishment, local cultural and tourism administrative departments, cultural market comprehensive law enforcement agencies should unite with natural resources, ecological environment, market supervision and other relevant departments to implement law enforcement responsibilities.
In fact, behind the problem of setting up "scenic spots" privately, it also reflects the interests of government departments, scenic spot companies, local villagers and other parties, and the ownership of some "scenic spots" is ambiguous. In this regard, the "Proposal" proposes that in order to establish a long-term mechanism, all localities should take the opportunity of special rectification to thoroughly study the causes of the problem of privately set up "scenic spots", clarify the relationship between the government, the market, local people and other parties, and gradually realize joint construction, governance and sharing.
"It is necessary to clearly define the management boundaries of scenic spots, and clearly set up ‘ Attractions ’ The governance category, clear the corresponding competent departments and inter-departmental cooperation mechanism, set up the corresponding approval, management, supervision and review procedures, and form a clear ‘ Traffic lights ’ System, optimize various processes, and thus establish a long-term mechanism. " Jin Zhun pointed out that for tourism activities outside traditional scenic spots and possible hidden dangers, a safety investigation should be carried out for all kinds of registered and unregistered scenic spots, a number of non-compliant units should be rectified, and a number of scenic spots with serious violations should be shut down; Introduce a white list system to guide tourists to safe and compliant attractions by means of certification, review and recommendation.
It is not a one-time effort to eradicate the chaos of privately set up "scenic spots". Shi Peihua pointed out that it is necessary to improve the long-term mechanism of scenic spot declaration and management, change the blockage into sparse, establish an efficient scenic spot declaration mechanism through the guidance and support of policies and systems, improve the governance and supervision mechanism of private scenic spots, build a supervision and governance cooperation mechanism among the government, market and society, and establish and improve the complaint reporting system of private scenic spots.
At the same time, government departments, outdoor sports and other industry associations should strengthen safety guidance and publicity, so that tourists can strengthen their safety awareness and avoid blindly following the trend; Supervise the network platform to strengthen the content review, do not recommend private "attractions" and wild tourism activities at will, and make safety reminders.
4. The new format should not be "one size fits all"
From another point of view, the phenomenon of privately setting up "scenic spots" reflects a certain market demand and also reflects the "short board" of tourism market supply.
Some people say, "Some places are not scenic spots originally, but more tourists will become scenic spots." "People are not only afraid of bumping into shirts, but also afraid of bumping into scenery." As for tourism, many young people have little interest in the same travel destinations, while "pioneer", "exploring the road" and "niche" have become popular keywords, and outdoor adventure, hiking and self-driving are deeply loved. This actual demand has contributed to the barbaric growth of wild "scenic spots" and private "scenic spots".
Li Bai Wen, a professor at the School of Tourism of Beijing Union University, told the reporter that in fact, these informal "scenic spots" include both manned and unmanned situations. For those who have no operating subject, only tourists themselves can be responsible, but it is very difficult to directly supervise tourists.
"In the final analysis, this is due to the popularity of the global tourism concept, which has changed the tourism behavior of tourists. Many tourism behaviors have occurred outside the traditional scenic spots, but the industry management has not kept up with the changes. Tourism management outside the scenic spot has become an important topic and challenge at present. " Li Baiwen suggested that for wild scenic spots without business entities, direct management should be changed to indirect management, and standardized management should be changed to certification management, that is, the relevant departments should certify their conditions and services. For example, in the face of outdoor travel needs such as adventure and hiking, the government can issue a recommendation list, specify safe time periods and intervals for popular routes, and at the same time strengthen the whole process monitoring, and do a good job in meteorological monitoring and prompting.
Many experts believe that the new business format should not be simply "one size fits all". Some operators only want to make short-term profits, and some want to operate for a long time but have not had time to go through a series of procedures. The two situations need to be treated differently. For "scenic spots" with relatively perfect facilities and services that meet the requirements of ecological environment assessment and safety, they can be ordered to make rectification, supplement relevant procedures, and transform into regular scenic spots through legal procedures.
"For China’s current private ‘ Attractions ’ Make a big arrangement, and systematically sort out the current private settings ‘ Attractions ’ The present situation, characteristics and types, the right medicine, classified policy. According to the relevant laws and regulations, scenic spots with tourism development conditions should be given policy and financial support to promote their legalization; Those who fail to meet the basic safety needs and destroy the ecology shall be severely banned according to law, and the relevant responsible persons shall be held accountable according to law. " Shi Peihua said.
Experts said that it is necessary to speed up the transformation and upgrading of scenic spots to meet people’s increasingly personalized and diversified tourism needs; It is necessary to establish the idea of global tourism, abandon the homogeneous competition mode, get rid of the dependence on the ticket economy, and develop more in-depth tourism service.
The object of rectification of privately-run "scenic spots" is to provide tourist services and carry out tourism business activities in violation of regulations in a certain place or area without the permission of relevant departments, mainly including:
Operating without a license, disrupting the order of the tourism market; Collecting ticket fees without permission; Building tourist facilities without permission and damaging the ecological environment; Operating high-risk tourism projects without a license, and there are hidden dangers in tourism safety; False propaganda, deceiving customers and abusing customers, and harming the legitimate rights and interests of tourists; Changing land use without permission and developing tourism management; Other illegal provision of tourism services.
The Work Plan for the Special Renovation of Private Attractions requires that all localities should take the special rectification as an opportunity to thoroughly study the causes of the problem of private attractions, clarify the relationship between the government, the market, local people and other parties, and gradually realize joint construction, governance and sharing.