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A train passes by Yachi River Bridge on Chengdu-Guiyang high-speed railway. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xushe

Tianfu international airport after the capping. Reporter He Haiyang photo

Luzhou Port Bonded Logistics Center (Type B). Photo by Yang Shangwei (Visual Sichuan)

     

Global opening

Being inland, my heart is open to the world. The coming year of 2019 will definitely have a profound impact on Sichuan’s opening-up process.

This is a year in which the construction of the "Belt and Road" has been further advanced. About one-third of the province’s foreign trade, four-fifths of foreign contracted projects and two-fifths of foreign investment are distributed in countries and regions along the route. Sichuan cuisine, Sichuan wine, Sichuan tea and Sichuan lanterns are well-known in the Belt and Road Initiative.

This is a year in which the open economy has developed by leaps and bounds. The influence of Sino-US trade friction is gradually emerging, and Sichuan’s foreign trade is "striving for progress while maintaining stability". In the first 11 months of this year, the total import and export volume of goods trade in Sichuan Province exceeded that of last year, much higher than the growth rate of the same period in China.

This is a year in which the energy level of the open cooperation carrier has been upgraded. China (Sichuan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, with an area of less than 1/4,000 of the province, has contributed 1/3 of newly established foreign-funded enterprises, 1/10 of the total import and export volume of goods and 1/20 of the new market players in the province. The comprehensive functions of international cooperation parks such as China-France, China-Germany, China-Italy, China-Korea and Xinchuan are improving day by day, and the construction of domestic and foreign diversified cooperation platforms is accelerating.

This is a year in which the construction of the open channel has been vigorously promoted. Our province signed agreements with Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces to strengthen inter-provincial consultation and cooperation and jointly build a new land and sea passage in the west.

This is a more extensive year of foreign exchanges and cooperation. Our "circle of friends" is growing, and we have established economic and trade relations with more than 220 countries and regions.

In 2019, when the waves broke, the door of Sichuan’s opening to the outside world opened wider and wider.

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Big channel

The number of new "air bridges" ranks first in the country.

South-bound high-speed rail is densely populated.

On December 27th, the final concrete was poured in the GTC of Chengdu Tianfu International Airport, and the main project of the airport terminal area was completed.

Tianfu International Airport, which is expected to be put into operation in the first half of 2021, is an important international gateway hub of the Belt and Road Initiative and a new power source to support the development and opening up of Sichuan and even the western region. Although it will not be put into operation for more than a year, in the airport construction headquarters not far from the airport construction site, staff from Sichuan Airport Group, air traffic control department, Air China and Sichuan Airlines have settled in to prepare for the preliminary work. "There are more and more people, and parking spaces are a little tight." A staff member told reporters with a smile.

After Tianfu International Airport is put into operation, all international routes will be translated. Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport is busy opening more international (regional) routes to "reserve" the operation of the new airport.

Since January this year, Chengdu has successively opened international (regional) routes such as Phnom Penh, Ho Chi Minh, Istanbul, Rome, Chicago and Helsinki. By the end of October, there were 122 international (regional) routes in Chengdu. On December 31st, China Eastern Airlines will also start direct flights from Chengdu to Budapest. Chengdu will add 15 international regional routes throughout the year, ranking first in the country.

The ground channel is also being encrypted. On December 28th, Yibin West Station, in front of the train platform to Guiyang, many people waited in line. "It will arrive in two hours, and I will come back after a trip on the weekend." Han Bing, a citizen, said that with the high-speed rail, it is more convenient to go out of the province.

The Chengdu-Guiyang High-speed Railway, which was opened on December 16th this year, allows Sichuan to go out of Sichuan from east to south and north, and also allows the high-speed railway in western China to run from north to south. So far, the mileage of high-speed rail in Sichuan has exceeded 1000 kilometers, and many cities in Sichuan, such as Chengdu and Yibin, have become the connecting hubs. Dai Bin, president of Sichuan Regional Economic Research Association, believes that linking Chengdu-Guangzhou high-speed railway with Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway, connecting Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, will promote the construction of an open economic highland in the interior of Sichuan and promote the open development of the western inland areas.

The Nanchong-Bazhong section of another Sichuan-man of iron Banan Railway started construction on December 25th, and the mileage of the high-speed rail project under construction in the province during the 14th Five-Year Plan will exceed 1,000 kilometers. Liu Zhigang, Chairman of Hanbanan Railway Company, said that after the completion of the entire Hanbanan Railway, Pakistan and China will "storm" Chengdu in 75 minutes and reach Beijing in 6 hours at the earliest.

The access to the Sichuan Expressway has also been reported frequently.

Two southbound expressways-S80 Gu ‘e Expressway Xishui (Sichuan-Guizhou Boundary) to Gulin Section Expressway and G8515 Ronglu Expressway-have been completed and will be put into trial operation at 24: 00 on December 31st. By then, there will be 21 high-speed exits from Sichuan in our province.

There are more and more large passages, which are more and more smooth.

The witness said

In 2019, when the Leyi and Yigui sections of Chengdu-Guiyang high-speed railway were opened, I became the first driver twice.

It’s an honor, and I’m also very emotional: Chengdu-Guiyang high-speed railway is also a mountain high-speed railway, just like Xicheng high-speed railway. It’s not easy to build a high-speed rail under such difficult conditions! As a driver, I will also summarize the methods of smooth control on the high-speed rail in mountainous areas, make every attendance well, realize the punctuality and punctuality of moving cars, and bring passengers the best travel experience.

—— Feng Shuai, the driver of Chengdu Locomotive Depot of China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Corporation and the first driver of Chengdu-Guiyang high-speed railway.

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Large platform

The position of the comprehensive bonded zone as the "first platform" for foreign trade is prominent.

At the end of the year, Sichuan’s open platform construction received a "big gift package"-the State Council approved the establishment of three comprehensive bonded zones in Sichuan: Chengdu International Railway Port Comprehensive Bonded Zone, Yibin Comprehensive Bonded Zone and Luzhou Comprehensive Bonded Zone. "It is rare to centrally approve the establishment of three comprehensive bonded zones in a province." Tang Jiqiang, chief researcher of Xicai Think Tank, lamented that at this point, the number of comprehensive bonded zones in Sichuan ranks first in the central and western regions.

This year, the platform status of Chengdu High-tech Comprehensive Bonded Zone, which has been put into operation, was highlighted. Jianjin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. here has suffered losses for many years, but its business has developed rapidly in recent years. Last year, the export volume of Jianjin Pharmaceutical was 30 times that of 2013. "Products are in short supply, and the production line needs to be expanded." Gong Wei, the company’s deputy director of public affairs, said that the company’s second production line is about to be put into operation, and the third production line has completed the project approval procedures.

From "not enough to eat" in the production line to the shortage of products, Gong Wei said that the transformation was largely due to the platform advantages of the comprehensive bonded zone.

In 2015, Jianjin Pharmaceutical became the first enterprise in China to carry out in-house processing in the comprehensive bonded zone, breaking through the traditional restriction that enterprises in the zone can only undertake overseas processing business, so that enterprises in the zone can use the surplus capacity to undertake entrusted processing business outside the domestic zone. "It not only enables enterprises to improve production efficiency, but also fully expands domestic and foreign markets." Chen Hai, Commissioner of Jincheng Customs, a subsidiary of Chengdu Customs, said that after winning the pilot of processing business within the Commission, the problem of idle production capacity of Jianjin Pharmaceutical Company will be effectively solved and profits will be created for the enterprise. At present, Jianjin Pharmaceutical has undertaken the top ten pharmaceutical processing business of three global pharmaceutical companies, helping enterprises outside the region to produce anti-tumor injection products. The sales revenue this year is expected to exceed 300 million yuan.

Give full play to the platform advantages of the comprehensive bonded zone, and Chengdu High-tech Comprehensive Bonded Zone has become the main force to promote the growth of foreign trade in our province. From January to November this year, the total import and export value of goods trade in Sichuan Province was 612.56 billion yuan, up 13.4% year-on-year, much higher than the national overall growth rate. Among them, Chengdu High-tech Comprehensive Bonded Zone accounts for 64.2%, which is a well-deserved "first platform" for Sichuan’s foreign trade.

The relevant person in charge of Chengdu Customs said that the Chengdu Hi-tech Xiyuan Comprehensive Bonded Zone, which is in the acceptance stage, will be put into operation soon, and the construction of three new comprehensive bonded zones will be accelerated. The five comprehensive bonded zones will provide strong guidance and support for the development of Sichuan’s foreign trade.

Liu Xin, director of the Provincial Department of Commerce, said that in addition to the comprehensive bonded zone, our province will also promote the expansion of national economic development zones and the upgrading of provincial development zones, build high-quality pilot free trade zones, promote the differentiated development of international cooperation parks such as China-Germany, China-France, China-Italy, China-Korea and Xinchuan, and do a good job in building China-Europe centers.

The witness said

As the first batch of pilot enterprises to import parallel cars at Qingbaijiang Vehicle Port, we have vigorously developed the import and export business of parallel cars and other special commodities along the "Belt and Road" with the help of China-Europe trains and the new land and sea passages in the west. In 2018, our company became the first enterprise in China to carry out bonded storage business of parallel cars in bonded logistics centers. The reform and innovation dividend has driven the rapid development of parallel car business. This year, we imported 348 bonded parallel cars, a year-on-year increase of about 30 times.

The approval of Chengdu International Railway Port Comprehensive Bonded Zone is of great benefit to us. In the future, we can carry out new businesses such as bonded display and compliance rectification in the region. I believe I will go to by going up one flight of stairs next year.

—— Chen Youfu, General Manager of Chengdu Zhengye Yuxiang Parallel Automobile Sales Co., Ltd.

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Big action

Four months of "nothing to say"

And an office full of "Buddhist scriptures"

On December 27th, interviewed by a reporter, the staff of the high-tech zone in Ziyang, the pioneer zone of collaborative reform in Sichuan Pilot Free Trade Zone, seemed reluctant, and said several times, "Forget it, let’s talk about it next year". Because in his view, there is still "nothing to say". "From the approval to the present, Jinan’s government service experience and Nanchang’s investment model have basically been copied and promoted."

The reporter mentioned that the materials show that both of them have successfully landed in the local area and achieved initial results. He still shook his head: "After all, there is no original institutional innovation."

It’s really a little early to take stock of innovations. In August this year, the provincial government issued the "6+1" Overall Plan for the Construction of the Pilot Zone for Collaborative Reform in China (Sichuan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, and the Pilot Zone for Collaborative Reform officially entered the implementation stage.

However, this does not hinder the evaluation of their significance to Sichuan’s opening up and development. "I don’t know how many provincial and municipal officials have been received in such a small office." The person in charge of the Provincial Free Trade Office drew a circle by hand to illustrate the cramped office space. Here, many officials from other provinces and cities came to visit and asked for the first batch of experiences and practices of collaborative reform of the pioneering area. Sometimes there are too many people, so we have to borrow stools.

The reason is that this is an original and differentiated experimental path pioneered by Sichuan in China. More importantly, they will inherit the "soul" of the Pilot Free Trade Zone-institutional innovation.

"The pioneering area of collaborative reform is like a spark. I hope that through them, internationally accepted economic and trade rules and new opening concepts will be spread on a wider scale, so that more regions can reflect on their own gaps and pain points." The person in charge of the Provincial Free Trade Office said.

"In the past, investment promotion and preferential policies, and now it is the institutional environment." Sheng Yi, a researcher at the Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, said that Sichuan is turning into an institutional opening that pays more attention to rules. What the pioneer zone of collaborative reform should promote is a more competitive institutional environment.

Looking back on these four months, the relevant person in charge of the International Economic Cooperation Section of ziyang Municipal Bureau of Commerce was particularly impressed by a work meeting. Everyone talks about how to learn from the experience of Shanghai and Shenzhen, and even benchmark some of the world’s most advanced economic indicators-something that we can’t even think about in the past. In her view, the vision of Ziyang, an "inland town", has been significantly expanded and upgraded due to the pioneering area of collaborative reform.

Speaking of the new year, the staff mentioned two things: First, the local government has clearly stated that 2020 will be the "first year" of Ziyang’s collaborative reform pioneer zone, and it is necessary to make great efforts to promote it; Second, as of November 2019, there were 91,000 newly established enterprises in the Sichuan Pilot Free Trade Zone, accounting for less than 1/4,000 of the province’s area, contributing nearly 1/20 of the new enterprises.

In terms of area, the pioneering area of collaborative reform is eight times that of Sichuan Pilot Free Trade Zone. "We are very confident about the development prospects of the pioneering area (collaborative reform)." He said.

The witness said

Looking back on this year, every builder of the Sichuan Pilot Free Trade Zone has enough reason to be proud. In the past year, Sichuan has adhered to the high-point position and high-standard positioning, further promoted the construction of leading projects in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, and made major breakthroughs in institutional innovation and differentiated exploration. A number of state-level open platforms have successfully landed, and the main development indicators rank among the top in the inland pilot free trade zone. In 2020, we will continue to deepen the "three major challenges" of reform and innovation, empowerment and decentralization, and coordinated opening up, and make greater efforts to promote the sharing of free trade dividends, leading Sichuan’s "global opening up" with "global free trade".

—— Chen Youqing, full-time deputy director of the work office of Sichuan Pilot Free Trade Zone

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Great communication

Deepening communication, opening up, upgrading Sichuan’s "circle of friends" and expanding it.

This month, Chengdu has become the focus of global attention. The leaders’ meeting of China, Japan and South Korea was held in a city outside Beijing for the first time, which is also the highest-level national home diplomatic activity hosted by Sichuan since the founding of New China. In the eyes of many people, this grand event is the highlight of opening Sichuan this year.

In addition, this year, Sichuan’s foreign exchanges and cooperation are still remarkable. From mutual visits to friendship cities, from the approval of the establishment of the collar to local cooperation, it has witnessed the expansion of Sichuan’s "circle of friends" bit by bit.

In May, at the Chengdu Panda Asian Food Festival, the consular offices in Chengdu became active protagonists. Nyonya cuisine, Korean cuisine, Thai hot pot … Cuisine has brought Sichuan people closer to these countries, and also enhanced mutual exchanges and cooperation.

In the second half of the year, good news also came frequently. Nepal and Greece were successively approved to set up consular offices in Sichuan, and the number of foreign consular offices approved in Sichuan increased to 19. "It is even more important to give full play to the role of consular offices in Chengdu as a bridge to promote exchanges and cooperation." The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Foreign Affairs Office said.

In Yibin and Luzhou, which are filled with wine, consular officials from 13 countries in Chengdu and Chongqing feel the vitality of Nanchuan City. Mogozhen, Consul General of Poland in Chengdu, said that he would like to introduce Sichuan to more Polish enterprises.

The number of international sister cities is also increasing. The 2019 "Belt and Road" Sichuan International Friendship City Cooperation and Development Forum was held in Chengdu, and delegations from 43 provinces (states) in 32 countries around the world gathered. This is an international friendship city exchange activity with the largest scale, the highest specification and the widest coverage organized by the local government in conjunction with the relevant departments of the central government. Up to now, Sichuan has established 292 pairs of international sister cities and friendly cooperative relations.

Sister city exchanges also focus on the younger generation. Twenty-six Japanese students from Hiroshima Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture of Japan came to Bashu during the summer vacation. The warm and warm host families in Sichuan not only left a deep impression on the children, but also planted seeds for them to learn Chinese and understand China culture. Hidehiko Tomzaki, governor of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, who came to Sichuan to participate in the commemoration of the 35th anniversary of the establishment of international friendship city relations in Hiroshima Prefecture, Sichuan Province, commented that youth exchanges and environmental protection cooperation are the witness of the friendship between the two sides in the past, and there is great potential for future economic and trade cooperation.

This year, Cambodian King sihamoni, Luxemburg Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Transport and Public Works Bosch, Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Nepalese Federal Parliament Mahara and other important foreign guests also visited Sichuan successively. This shows that the "prominent south" is open.

At the same time of "please come in", the pace of "going out" is also accelerating.

Spain, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, Israel … These countries have left behind the Sichuan delegation, and have also produced fruitful exchanges and cooperation with Sichuan.

The witness said

I have worked in a foreign affairs post for four years, witnessing that Sichuan has gradually become a highland for opening up in the central and western regions. I can feel the love and expectation of foreign friends for Sichuan, whether I receive foreign guests to visit Sichuan, participate in international events held in Sichuan, or visit abroad. Their enthusiasm for Sichuan has also brought us the fruits of exchange and cooperation one after another.

Under the tide of globalization, the whole world will further strengthen mutual exchanges and cooperation. I look forward to more fruitful results in Sichuan’s opening to the outside world in the future, and I hope I can become one of them.

—— Wang Shiwei, a staff member of the Asian Department of Sichuan Foreign Affairs Office

First, the insured object

In addition to the basic medical insurance for employees (hereinafter referred to as employee medical insurance), all urban and rural residents except those who enjoy other medical security systems in accordance with the regulations will implement the policy of holding residence permits, and primary and secondary school students and preschool children from other places will participate in residents’ medical insurance in their permanent residence. Encourage college students to participate in residents’ medical insurance at their school places, and implement relevant policies for participation.

Second, the payment standard

Individual payment standard, the implementation of the unified provisions of the province in 2024 residents medical insurance individual insurance payment standard, 400 yuan per person per year.

Three, special personnel insurance subsidy policy

The city’s residents’ medical insurance premiums are classified and funded by some insured individuals, and the insured funds are solved by financial funds and medical assistance funds. Insured persons who can enjoy multi-identity insurance subsidy have high or low subsidy standards and cannot enjoy the insurance subsidy policy repeatedly.

(a) poor people, orphans (including the fact that no one is raising children) to give full funding, the funds from the medical assistance fund.

(II) The minimum target is subsidized according to the quota of 240 yuan/person, and the insured funds are paid from the medical assistance fund. After enjoying the subsidy, the individual bears part of the 160 yuan/person and the insured pays it by himself.

(III) The poverty-stricken population identified by the agricultural and rural departments and the poverty-stricken population in rural areas that are easy to return to poverty (unstable poverty-stricken households, marginal poverty-stricken households, and sudden severe hardship households) are given a fixed subsidy according to 240 yuan/person. After enjoying the subsidy, some 160 yuan/person borne by individuals shall be paid by the insured.

(IV) The individual payment subsidy for eligible rural only-child parents and children under the age of 18 in this Municipality shall be implemented in accordance with the Notice on the Measures for Individual Payment Subsidies for Rural Only-child Parents in Shaanxi Province to Participate in Urban and Rural Residents’ Medical Insurance (No.36 [2023] of Shaanxi Wei Population).

Four, the insured payment and treatment to enjoy time

The centralized payment period of medical insurance for residents in the city is from September 26, 2024 to December 20, 2024. If it is necessary to extend or shorten the time of centralized payment due to special circumstances, the tax department shall notify the society after consultation with the medical insurance department, and the city shall implement it uniformly.

In 2024, residents’ medical insurance contributions will be paid back, from January 1, 2025 to March 31, 2025.

(A) the general staff insurance payment policy

The general insured shall pay the residents’ medical insurance premium during the centralized payment period, and the residents’ medical insurance benefits will be enjoyed from January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025 after payment. Pay medical insurance premiums for urban and rural residents during the overdue period, and set a waiting period of 3 months for fixed treatment. Those who fail to pay the insurance premium in the centralized payment period or the supplementary payment period shall not enjoy the residents’ medical insurance benefits in the insured year.

(two) some special personnel insurance payment policy.

1. Workers’ medical insurance personnel

Those who need to participate in the residents’ medical insurance in the current year after the interruption of their medical insurance during the employee’s medical insurance period should apply for the registration of residents’ medical insurance in time after suspending the original insurance relationship. After the payment is completed according to the individual payment standard uniformly stipulated by the whole city, the treatment enjoyment period starts from the next month after participating in the residents’ medical insurance payment to December 31 or the date of change again.

2. Newborns

(1) From January 1, 2025, within 90 days after the birth of a newborn, the guardian shall register with the medical insurance agency at the place where the newborn is registered or where he lives, and pay the medical insurance premium of the residents in the year of birth. The treatment period is from the date of birth to December 31 of the year of birth; If the newborn fails to pay the medical insurance premium of the residents in the year of birth within 90 days, he can pay the insurance premium in accordance with the unified individual payment standard of the whole city in that year. After the payment is completed, the treatment period is from the month following the payment in the year of birth to December 31.

(2) The date of birth of the newborn is less than 90 days from December 31st of that year. If you enjoy the medical insurance benefits of the year of birth, you must pay the medical insurance premiums of the residents of the year of birth within 90 days after birth, and the period of enjoying the benefits is from the date of birth to December 31st of that year; If you enjoy the medical insurance benefits for the second year after birth, you must pay the medical insurance premium for the second year after birth within 90 days after birth, and the treatment period is from January 1 to December 31 of the following year; Failing to pay the corresponding annual residents’ medical insurance premium within 90 days, it shall be implemented according to the relevant provisions of the general staff’s insurance payment and enjoyment of treatment.

(3) If the newborn dies after birth, and the guardian pays for the insurance within 90 days from the date of birth, the medical expenses incurred after birth shall be reimbursed according to the policy.

3. College students

(1) In those years, college students who have enrolled and new college students are based on their school status and take the school (campus) as the unit. After paying the insurance premium, they will enjoy the residents’ medical insurance benefits from the date of payment completion. If you are a person who enjoys government-funded insurance, you can choose to participate in the school registration or identity recognition, and enjoy the residents’ medical insurance benefits according to regulations.

(2) The insured college students who graduated this year in the insured year will enjoy the medical insurance benefits in Shangluo until December 31st of the current year. After graduation, those who participate in employee medical insurance or move out of Shangluo City or move into other cities shall be handled in accordance with relevant regulations.

4. Others

(1) Special personnel who are not insured during the centralized payment period or the supplementary payment period, and need to be insured after the start of the treatment enjoyment period, and the policy allows them to be insured, after completing the insurance payment according to the individual payment standard stipulated by the province, the treatment enjoyment period is counted from the month after the residents’ medical insurance payment.

(2) The insured persons who enjoy classified funding for individual contributions should be insured during the centralized payment period. Those who are not insured during the centralized payment period do not enjoy the classified funding policy for individual contributions, but can enjoy the original medical insurance benefits after paying according to the individual payment standards stipulated by the province. The treatment enjoyment period is counted from the month after the residents’ medical insurance payment.

(3) Persons who change their identities dynamically during the insured year will enjoy the corresponding medical insurance benefits for their new identities after their identity changes from the next month. Persons who change their identity during the hospitalization period of different months shall be hospitalized in accordance with the principle of benefiting the treatment of the insured.

(4) Establish an incentive mechanism for serious illness insurance benefits for residents’ medical insurance continuous insured personnel and zero reimbursement personnel. Since 2025, the maximum payment limit for serious illness insurance will be reduced by 3,000 yuan for those who have been insured again; For the insured who have participated in the residents’ medical insurance for 4 years in a row, the maximum payment limit for serious illness will be increased by 3,000 yuan for each consecutive year. For the residents’ medical insurance insured with zero reimbursement from the fund in that year, the maximum payment limit of serious illness insurance will be increased by 3,000 yuan in the following year. Continuous insurance incentives and zero reimbursement incentives, the total increase does not exceed 20% of the city’s major illness insurance capping line. After the residents are reimbursed for serious illness and use the incentive amount, the zero reimbursement incentive amount accumulated in the previous period will be cleared. If you are insured again after the insurance is broken, the number of years of continuous insurance will be recalculated.

(5) Since 2025, except for special groups such as newborns, the waiting period for fixed treatment after enrollment will be set at 3 months for those who have not been insured during the centralized enrollment period of residents’ medical insurance; Among them, for those who have not been insured continuously, the waiting period of variable treatment will be increased by 1 month on the basis of fixed treatment waiting period in principle, and the insured can repair the waiting period of variable treatment by paying fees, which can be reduced by 1 month for each additional year. For those who have been paid continuously for 4 years or more, the sum of fixed treatment waiting period and variable treatment waiting period after repair is not less than 6 months in principle. The payment standard is implemented according to the individual payment standard of urban and rural residents in the city.

V. Insurance registration

The tax department has no information about the newly-added personnel to be insured, or those who need to adjust their insurance payment places in the new insurance year. They must hold the valid proof of their household registration, the residence permit issued by the public security department of their long-term residence, and their valid ID cards (those with special personnel identity must carry relevant identification certificates) to go to the medical insurance agency where their household registration or residence permit is located for insurance registration.

Sixth, payment channels

(1) "Shaanxi Taxation" WeChat WeChat official account; "Shangluo Taxation" WeChat WeChat official account;

(2) Rural Credit Bank: all business outlets, self-service equipment, mobile banking, online banking, e-terminal for helping farmers, and Shaanxi Rural Credit WeChat WeChat official account;

(3) Qinnong Bank: all business outlets, self-service equipment and e-terminals for helping farmers;

(4) Alipay: the social security section of the Citizen Center and the "Shaanxi Social Security Payment" applet (you can check the payment certificate of my real name registration after payment through all channels);

(5) China UnionPay: China Unionpay Quick Pass APP (Shaanxi Social Security Payment); "Shaanxi social security payment" WeChat applet, WeChat city service-service hall-social security;

(6) Everbright Bank: WeChat city service, "social security cloud payment" APPlet, cloud payment app, and mobile banking;

(7) China Construction Bank: all business outlets, mobile banking, smart teller machines, Yunongtong financial service points, code scanning payment and Qin clerk APP；;

(8) ICBC: all business outlets, mobile banking, smart terminals of outlets, "ICBC Shaanxi Branch" WeChat WeChat official account, and ICBC e-payment QR code scanning;

(9) Agricultural Bank: all business outlets, mobile banking and scanning code payment;

(10) Bank of China: all business outlets and mobile banking;

(11) China Merchants Bank: Mobile banking.

Seven, payment bills

(1) If the payer pays the basic medical insurance premium for urban and rural residents through various channels of financial institutions, the payment shall be based on the electronic order payment voucher, the small ticket printed by self-service equipment or the Special Note for Social Insurance Fee Payment for Urban and Rural Residents in Shaanxi Province printed on the bank counter.

(2) If the payer pays the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents through Shaanxi Tax WeChat WeChat official account, UnionPay "China Unionpay Quick Pass", Everbright Bank WeChat applet "Social Security Cloud Payment" and Alipay, the payment voucher of the electronic order can be used as the basis for payment. If paper payment bills are really necessary, please pay through the bank counter and obtain special payment bills, or go to the tax service hall of the competent tax department of the insured place to print the tax payment certificate 3 days after the payment is completed.

(3) Online acquisition method of payment voucher: After the payer completes payment through any channel for 3 days, he can select the social security payment voucher for urban and rural residents to print through Alipay-Citizen Center-Social Security; Or search "Shaanxi Electronic Taxation Bureau" and select "Certificate of Tax Payment (Fee) for Social Insurance Fees of Urban and Rural Residents" for printing.

Eight, medical insurance refund

After the insured person successfully pays the fee, he will enter the treatment enjoyment period (after January 1, 2025), and the individual payment will not be returned. Before the treatment enjoyment period, due to death, repeated payment, participation in employee medical insurance or participation in residents’ medical insurance in other overall planning areas, the personal refund can be handled at the same time when the relevant residents’ medical insurance participation relationship is terminated before the treatment enjoyment period begins.

The application for refund of the insured shall be submitted by the payer to the tax department of the original place of payment, and the refund shall be completed by the medical department of the original place of payment after the final approval of the medical department of the original place of payment.

IX. Inter-annual settlement

Cross-year medical insurance settlement for urban and rural residents who are insured continuously in the overall planning area shall be handled in accordance with the annual settlement policy of the discharge time of insured patients.

Cross-year and cross-regional insured inpatients shall be settled separately according to the settlement policies of different insured areas in the natural year.

notice is hereby given (that)

Shangluo Taxation Bureau of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China

Shangluo medical security bureau

September 25, 2024

Policy interpretation:

@ Shangluo people, the medical insurance payment for urban and rural residents began in 2024!

How to pay residents’ medical insurance fees for their families with employee medical insurance personal accounts?

Ten Questions and Ten Answers on Basic Medical Insurance for Urban and Rural Residents in Shangluo City

　　On November 11th, "Singles Day" is just around the corner, and single people have once again become the focus of social attention. Yesterday, the third issue of the series report on the status quo of single people in 2016 (hereinafter referred to as the "report") released by zhenai showed that the average monthly disposable income reached 8,000 yuan for golden singles; Guangzhou-Shenzhen women set a threshold of 10,000 yuan in salary for mate selection; Over six adults agree with "spare tire" dating; Shanghai and Hangzhou spend more than 10,000 honeymoon budgets to lead the honeymoon local tyrants list; Nanjing is the last place to live with parents after single marriage.

　　This report is mainly aimed at the online sampling survey of 100 million members in zhenai, with a total of 4,555 valid samples, which comprehensively analyzes the economic situation, spouse selection and marriage view of singles.

　　single economy

　　"Golden Singles" have more women than men.

　　In the "Chopper Party" bought by "double 11" buy buy, the consumption power of single people is not to mention, and the monthly disposable income also directly determines the quality of personal life. According to the report, over 50% of single men and women have an average monthly disposable income of 3,000-5,000 yuan, while nearly 30% have an average monthly disposable income of 5,000-8,000 yuan, and 10% have an average monthly disposable income of more than 8,000 yuan.

　　Single men and women with an average disposable income of over 8,000 yuan per month are called golden singles, with Shanghai accounting for the largest proportion of singles, followed by Beijing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Guangzhou. It is interesting to find in the report that the proportion of single women is higher than that of single men among people with an average disposable income of over 8,000 yuan per month. In first-tier cities, the number of single women with independent economy and high spending power is also increasing.

　　Spouse selection requirements

　　Women in Beijing demand high monthly income from their boyfriends.

　　Through the process of blind date, it can be found that income is one of the important factors for single men and women to consider when choosing a spouse. According to the report, with the development of material economy, women’s economic requirements in mate selection have also risen. More than 80% of single women think that 5,000 yuan is the starting point of men’s income, that is, the "passing line". Among them, 67.06% of single women require men’s monthly income to be 5,000-10,000 yuan, while 25.02% require their monthly income to exceed 10,000 yuan. Shenzhen, Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou rank among the top five cities in China with high demands on men’s income. However, men’s income requirements for women are generally low — — 80% of the men said that the other half would be willing to accept it if their income was less than 5,000 yuan, and there was no special requirement.

　　In addition to income, there are many factors to consider when choosing a spouse. According to the survey, 42.78% of women think it is very important to be suitable in marriage, while 90.17% of single men think that feelings are more important when they enter marriage, and a good family is not a necessary condition.

　　Choice of spouse vision

　　178cm for men and 163cm for women are the most popular.

　　People who are difficult to take off their orders are often considered to be demanding and too picky. And is this the case? According to the report, it is not only men who are "visual animals", but nearly 70% of single women think that their partner’s appearance is "very important" when choosing a spouse, and they have higher requirements for men’s height and body shape. In contrast, less than 40% of single men attach great importance to each other’s appearance and height and size.

　　The single men and women interviewed also gave their most expected height range, among which men with 178cm, 180cm and 175cm were the most popular among women, while men preferred women with 163cm, 168cm and 160cm in height.

　　In terms of age, 80% of single men tend to find a partner younger than themselves, and 65% of them want the other half to be less than 7 years younger. Among women, more than 90% said that the other half must be older than themselves in the future, and 85.7% of them had an ideal age difference of less than 7 years. As can be seen from the data, the age difference in mate selection is within 7 years.

　　Characteristics of mate selection

　　Over 60% of adults approve of spare tire dating.

　　In the process of choosing a spouse, most single men and women think that it is not wrong to date more than one person at the same time before the formal relationship is established. The data shows that 64.23% of single men and women think that they can date 2-3 people at the same time before determining the relationship, and then make a comprehensive understanding before making a decision.

　　With the increase of divorce rate, the number of divorced singles is also increasing. Traditionally, divorced people are hard to find a partner, especially for divorced single women. However, the survey in zhenai showed that over 70% of single men and women said they didn’t mind that the other person was remarried.

　　As the touchstone of marriage, cohabitation before marriage is increasingly accepted by society. According to the survey in zhenai, 73.79% of the single men and women interviewed said that they accepted cohabitation before marriage, especially for men, and over 80% of single men thought cohabitation was necessary. However, as far as women are concerned, only 60% of women accept premarital cohabitation, among which post-80s women have the highest acceptance, followed by post-70s women, while post-90s women have less than 50% of people who accept premarital love, preferring to have their own independent space rather than being tied to family life prematurely.

　　honeymoon trip

　　More than half of men and women prefer to travel overseas.

　　The survey shows that the longing for honeymoon trip is the most anticipated part of the wish to leave the order. 58.17% of men and women think that they will choose to go overseas to make their honeymoon trip more memorable, even though they have more time to travel in China. Among them, the proportion of women who choose overseas travel is as high as 72.15%. As for the location, Australia is loved by 45.6% of young men and women because of its characteristics of "romantic island country" and "natural scenery". The second place on the wish list is Northern Europe. Nearly 30% of single men and women think that Nordic countries such as Switzerland and Denmark are full of fairy tales, and honeymoon trips should be as wonderful as fairy tales. The third place is the domestic honeymoon trip, and the reasons for choosing the domestic tour are closeness in human geography, convenience in language communication, safety and suitable consumption level.

　　According to the report, the honeymoon spending list is similar to the monthly average disposable income list: 70% of single men and women in Shanghai and Hangzhou said that they are willing to spend more than 10,000 yuan per person on honeymoon trips, followed by Beijing, with a budget of over 60%. However, in cities with relatively frugal honeymoon budgets, single men and women in Changsha, Xi ‘an and Jinan admit that they will not spend too much on honeymoon trips.

　　Family relations

　　Nanjing is the last place to live with parents after single marriage.

　　According to the survey, although most single men and women don’t mind living with their parents, it is undeniable that more than 40% of single men and women expect to go their separate ways with their parents after marriage. Among them, Nanjing has the highest proportion of single men and women, reaching 63.63%, followed by Jinan and Shenzhen, showing their attitude towards living independently after marriage.

　　According to the survey, 81.06% of single men and women want to have one or two children after marriage, but although the country has opened up a second child, there are still more single men and women who tend to have one child than those who have two children. In addition, girls seem to become more popular, and more than 60% of single men and women prefer to have girls.

CCTV News:On April 14th, Shu Yuting, spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce, said that since the beginning of this year, China’s foreign trade has withstood the pressure and started well on the whole, laying a good foundation for achieving the annual target.

Shu Yuting said that in the first quarter, China’s total import and export volume reached 9.42 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.7%. However, we should also be soberly aware that the environment for foreign trade development is becoming more severe and complicated, and we are facing many risks and challenges.

From an international perspective, the bottleneck of global supply chain has not been alleviated, inflationary pressure has risen, monetary policies in major economies have tightened, and the growth rate of global economy and trade has declined. On April 12th, the WTO lowered its forecast of global economic and trade growth in 2022 by 1.3 and 1.7 percentage points respectively.

From the domestic point of view, local epidemics have occurred frequently recently, and the production and operation of some foreign trade enterprises have been affected, logistics and transportation have been blocked, the supply chain in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta has been sluggish, and the comprehensive cost of enterprises has remained high.

At the same time, however, China’s foreign trade industry has a solid foundation, and the long-term positive fundamentals have not changed. There are still many favorable conditions to achieve the goal of maintaining stability and improving quality in imports and exports.

Shu Yuting, spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce:The Ministry of Commerce will continue to pay close attention to the changes in the situation, do a good job in the implementation of the policies that have been introduced to stabilize foreign trade, study effective new policies, open up blocking points, solve difficulties and eliminate pain points, fully ensure the stable and smooth supply chain of the foreign trade industry chain, help foreign trade enterprises solve difficulties, and strive to keep foreign trade running in a reasonable range throughout the year.

[Observer Network Comprehensive Report] According to foreign media reports such as Bloomberg on February 23, a few days ago, Li Shufu, chairman of Geely, acquired 9.69% shares of Daimler, the parent company of Mercedes-Benz, and became its largest shareholder.

Bloomberg webpage screenshot

The British "Financial Times" said that the German automaker disclosed this situation in a regulatory filing late on Friday. At present, Geely already owns Volvo Cars and Lotus. British media said that this acquisition "shows the latest sign of the global ambition of this China enterprise".

The Financial Times also quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that after this disclosure, Li Shufu, chairman of Geely, will go to Germany to start negotiations with Daimler. Li Shufu hopes to make Geely a China version of Volkswagen, with brands in all market segments. The move marks the China carmaker’s further entry into Europe, and Geely also hopes to open the European market independently with its all-electric car brand Lynk & Co next year.

For this acquisition, Daimler said, "We welcome entrepreneur Li Shufu to become a long-term shareholder."

Li Shufu, Chairman of Geely

According to another person familiar with the matter, Geely is eager to reach an agreement with Daimler on sharing battery technology in response to China’s strict emission regulations, which will take effect next year.

In the research and development of pure electric vehicle technology, Daimler is considered as one of the leading leaders in the automotive industry. Its ambitious plan is to release 10 different all-electric vehicles by 2022 and invest more than 10 billion euros in this technology.

At present, Daimler has established a joint venture with BYD, a China car company, to manufacture electric vehicles.

According to the Financial Times, many China car companies are ambitious in the field of electric vehicles. Apart from Geely and BYD, BMW said on Friday that it is in further negotiations with Great Wall Motor to manufacture a pure electric MINI model in China. Ford Motor Company of the United States is planning to cooperate with Anhui Zotye to launch a series of electric vehicles under a new brand.

In addition to owning Volvo and Lotus, Geely also acquired a 49% stake in troubled Malaysian car company Proton last year, and owned London Electric Car Company, a black taxi manufacturer. In November last year, Geely acquired Terrafugia, a flying car company.

According to DPA, in the past few years, China, as an important market of Daimler, has made many contributions to the sales performance of the company. Although in China, Daimler initially lagged behind the other two German luxury car brands BMW and Audi in the competition, by vigorously expanding the sales network, Daimler’s sales in China are growing rapidly, and China has become Daimler’s most important market.

Recently, the German stock market was in a downturn. After the announcement of Geely’s shareholding, Daimler’s share price rose by 1.4% after hours.

Image source @ vision china

Wen Yi Zheng Lun

In the farming era, agriculture is the foundation of the country. Entering industrial civilization, although agriculture accounts for less and less of the total economic output, it is an important foundation of all industries, and agriculture has a multi-layered relationship with modern economic development.

Taking China as an example, China’s economy, especially after the reform and opening up, has experienced sustained high-speed growth for 40 years. In this process, two topics have become the focus of academic circles and public opinion: one is the sustained growth for 40 years (including the high-speed growth in the first 30 years and the medium-high-speed growth in the second 10 years), which has been praised as the "China miracle" by many scholars and given different explanations from different angles.

The second is the trend of slow growth in recent ten years, which is accompanied by the retreat of late-comer advantage, the disappearance of demographic dividend, the slowdown of urbanization and the anti-globalization trend, which makes many people feel anxious.

If we examine the logic behind China’s economic development from the perspective of agriculture, we may be able to reduce our anxiety in the face of slowing economic growth and get a peek at the opportunities for future economic development.

review

Generally speaking, agriculture has two meanings for economic development: the first is the primary industry in economic growth-agriculture, but the proportion of the added value of primary production in the total GDP will become smaller and smaller with the process of national industrialization; Secondly, from the perspective of development economics, the development of agriculture is the foundation of population growth, labor transfer and urbanization.

(Illustration: The increase of agricultural output can bring about the increase of population, and the increase of population leads to the expansion of economic scale; The improvement of agricultural labor productivity can transfer more labor to modern industry and commerce and provide labor capital for economic development; Population growth, industrial and commercial development, and more people moving from rural areas to cities have brought about the development of urbanization. )

On the macro level as a whole

(Statistics of population, grain output, urbanization rate, GDP and growth rate in China from 1949 to 2019-Source: National Bureau of Statistics)

From 1949 to 2019, the annual output of grain in China increased from 113 million tons to 664 million tons; The added value of the primary industry (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, but excluding agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services) ranged from 34.3 billion yuan to 7046.7 billion yuan (1952-2019); The population has increased from 540 million to nearly 1.4 billion; Gross national product (GDP) from 67.9 billion yuan to 99,086.5 billion yuan (1952-2019); The urbanization rate ranges from 10.6% to 60.6%. All this is inseparable from the contribution of basic agriculture.

In this process, we have gone from not having enough to supplying by ticket, to solving the problem of food and clothing poverty, and now we have plenty of food and clothing. Great changes have also taken place in our diet structure, from a diet dominated by staple food to a more balanced and scientific diet of grain, fruits and vegetables, meat, eggs and milk.

People’s health status and education level have been greatly improved. The obvious performance is that the average life expectancy has dropped from less than 35 to 77 now, and the illiteracy rate has dropped from 80% to about 5%. Agricultural development not only pushes up the population base, but also provides a high-quality population for economic development, industrial and commercial development and urbanization.

Today, we are the largest agricultural producer in the world, accounting for 20% of the world’s grain output, 39% of the world’s vegetable and fruit output, and 56% of the world’s pigs. We feed 21% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the earth’s arable land, and the food self-sufficiency rate is 82.3%(2017).

The above is the overall view. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has experienced several different historical periods. The political and economic systems in each period are not only the same, but also the agricultural and economic development have different structural models and logical relationships. Therefore, we need to look at the relationship between agriculture and economic development in stages.

Look at it in stages

Professor Cai Fang once divided China’s economic development into five stages: Malthusian trap, Ghilt’s involution, Lewis’s dual economic development, Lewis’s turning point and Solow’s neoclassical growth. We divide and simplify it into three stages to explain the relationship between agriculture, population and economic development respectively.

I From Malthusian Trap to Involution (1949-1978)

At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, we just got out of the war. We are a poor and backward agricultural country, and more than 500 million people are facing the situation of not having enough to eat and not being warm. The population situation is that the high birth rate is accompanied by the high death rate, showing a slow growth, that is to say, it is in the Malthusian trap.

Malthusian trap was put forward by thomas robert malthus, a British political economist, and named after it. It means that the population growth is in accordance with geometric progression, while the survival resources are only in accordance with arithmetic progression. The extra population will always be eliminated in some way, and the population cannot exceed the corresponding level of agricultural development.

We got out of the Malthusian trap on the one hand from the post-war peace, and on the other hand from the food growth brought by agricultural development. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, although China experienced political movements such as cooperatives, people’s communes, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, our grain output still increased gradually during this period.

During this period, agricultural development was promoted by both agricultural system and agricultural technology.

From the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to 1952, China basically completed the land reform, more than 300 million farmers regained their land, and agricultural production gradually resumed after the war; Subsequently, agricultural production gradually began the movement from mutual aid groups, cooperatives, primary cooperatives, advanced cooperatives to people’s communes. Although from the perspective of system, the influence of system on agricultural development in different periods is both positive and negative, the progress from agricultural technology has obviously promoted agricultural development. Modern agricultural technologies after the industrial revolution: chemical fertilizers, pesticides, improved varieties, irrigation and mechanization (chemical fertilizer industry and mechanization are mainly after the reform and opening up), which have greatly promoted the development of agriculture.

(Illustration: The grain growth brought by agricultural development increases the environmental carrying rate, and with peaceful development, the mortality rate is greatly reduced and the population is growing rapidly. )

The development of agriculture made us get out of the Malthusian trap, and the population increased. However, due to the influence of planned economy, unified purchase and marketing, people’s commune and household registration policy in this period, the increased population did not shift from agriculture to industry and commerce, nor did more people shift from rural areas to cities. The urbanization rate only increased from 10.6% to 17.9% in 30 years.

A large number of surplus labors stay in the countryside, forming an involution society.

Involution was put forward by Ghilt, an American anthropologist, when studying Indonesian agriculture. It refers to the phenomenon that a social or cultural model stagnates or cannot be transformed into another advanced model after reaching a certain form at a certain stage of development.

Huang Zongzhi used the concept of involution in the study of China’s economic development and social changes in "Small Farmers’ Families and Rural Development in the Yangtze River Delta". He called the growth without development "involution" by investing a lot of labor on limited land to obtain the way of total output growth, that is, the way of diminishing marginal benefits.

A large number of surplus labor stranded in rural areas in the involution stage will become an important resource in the following dual development stage.

II Lewis’s dual economic development stage (1978-2004)

In 1978, China began to reform and open up, and changed from a planned economy to a socialist market economy. Since then, China’s economy has embarked on a long-term high-speed growth channel, with high-speed industrial and commercial development and increasing urbanization rate. In this process, a large number of surplus laborers stranded in rural areas during the involution period were released, and they entered cities and towns from rural areas, and entered industry and commerce from agriculture, which became the main driving force of economic development and formed a dual high-speed development model. This model lasted until around 2004, and entered the next stage of development with the arrival of lewis turning point and the disappearance of the demographic dividend.

Dual Economic Model and lewis turning point;

Dual economic model was put forward by British economist Lewis, which means that developing countries coexist with two different economic systems: traditional agricultural economic system and modern industrial system, which is called dual economic structure.

In the dual economic model, the traditional agricultural sector has a large number of surplus labor with zero marginal productivity, and the surplus labor is continuously transferred from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector.

When the surplus labor force is completely transferred, it is the first turning point of Lewis. After the transfer of surplus labor force, the labor force began to be in short supply. However, because the marginal productivity of the industrial sector is still greater than that of the agricultural sector, it will continue to absorb the labor force of the agricultural sector, but the wage level will continue to increase until the marginal productivity of the two sectors is equal, forming a labor market integrating urban and rural areas. At this time, it is Lewis’ second turning point.

The development of agriculture in this period is reflected in two aspects: system reform and technological progress. The landmark event of China’s reform and opening up was the "all-in-one contract" in Xiaogang village in 1978. The household contract responsibility system began to gradually replace the people’s commune, which improved the incentive mechanism and mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers.

The system reform has brought about the improvement of production efficiency and output. Professor Lin Yifu said that 47% of the increase in agricultural product output comes from the improvement of incentive mechanism by household contract system. In terms of system, it also promoted the development of agriculture by abolishing the state monopoly on purchase and marketing (gradually abolished in the mid-1980s), and land circulation (starting in 2002) further increased the mobility of factors.

In terms of technology, industrialized agricultural technologies such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, improved varieties and mechanization have further promoted agricultural production and income. In this stage of agricultural industrialization and modernization, agricultural development and industrial development promote each other.

According to the production and use of chemical fertilizers, there were only a few chemical fertilizer plants in China before the reform, and the annual chemical fertilizer output was only a few million tons, and now it has reached 40-50 million tons/year. Pesticide, seed industry and mechanization also developed rapidly during this period.

During this period, the industrial structure of agriculture has also undergone important changes. The proportion of agriculture (planting), animal husbandry (breeding) and fishing has changed from planting-oriented industrial structure to about 6:3:1 structure, and in planting, the proportion of fruits and vegetables is increasing.

These can be perceived from our daily life for decades. Our daily diet structure has changed from the traditional 8: 1: 1 food: vegetables: meat structure to the 4: 3: 3 model of the upper class in the city and the richer areas such as Taiwan Province and Hongkong. This change is the "hidden" agricultural revolution put forward by Professor Huang Zongzhi.

On the whole, the development of agriculture in this period is not only reflected in the nearly two-fold increase of grain output, but more importantly, the change of food structure, and the improvement of population quality (reflected in the average life expectancy and education level) while the population increases. In this case, the total population growth and quality improvement, coupled with a large number of surplus labor stranded in rural areas during the involution period, provided a large number of cheap surplus labor for the economic development of this period.

At the same time, China’s working-age population (15-59 years old) increased before 2010, reaching a peak of 940 million in 2010. These constitute a huge demographic dividend of economic development since the reform and opening up and become the main driving force for rapid economic growth. At this stage, China’s economy continued to grow at a high speed, with an average annual growth rate of 10% from 1978 to 2010. The urbanization rate ranges from 17.9% to 49.9%.

III transition period (2004-)

In 2004, the "labor shortage" first appeared in the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, so some scholars regarded 2004 as the lewis turning point of China. After the first turning point of Lewis, the labor supply structure has changed from unlimited labor supply to limited surplus and then to labor shortage.

The arrival of lewis turning point was accompany by that disappearance of the demographic dividend. The disappearance of demographic dividend is divided into two aspects, on the one hand, the disappearance of surplus agricultural labor force, on the other hand, the change of population structure, that is, the aging is intensified and the dependency ratio is improved.

2010 can be said to be the turning point of demographic changes. In 2010, the working-age population reached its peak, and the dependency ratio was close to the trough. After that, the working-age population experienced negative growth, aging intensified and the dependency ratio increased.

Entering the turning point, the labor cost rises, and the marginal income of investment in economic growth begins to decline. We can see the decline of GDP growth rate in 2004, especially after 2010. At the same time, the growth rate of urbanization has slowed down (as shown in the following figures: 1978-2004, 2004-2010, 2010-).

Slow down, trap or endogenous?

After 2010, China’s economic growth slowed down obviously. The arrival of lewis turning point and the disappearance of demographic dividend are one of the important factors, because the variables related to labor force in economic growth have negative growth, and the marginal income of investment has also declined.

In addition to the labor factor, the factors that often lead to the slowdown of economic growth are: the disappearance of late-comer advantage (the change from catch-up growth to cutting-edge growth), the sluggish domestic demand and unsustainable investment-driven growth, the crisis of middle-income trap, and the environmental constraints on future development caused by environmental damage caused by economic development.

However, at this turning point, there are also good factors to maintain the sustained economic growth. Some scholars believe that China’s reform has stepped out of the unique "China model" and can stimulate innovation, so that knowledge and technology can become the driving force for economic progress and enter the endogenous growth model.

So is the future good or bad? Maybe the answer lies in the land under our feet.

Opportunities from the perspective of agriculture

Agricultural development is welcoming two important changes, one is technical and the other is attribute. These two changes will bring new opportunities for economic development from a new perspective.

Technically, post-industrial agricultural technology is changing the petrochemical agricultural model.

Our modern agriculture, namely, Industrial Agriculture, is an important stage of world agricultural development after traditional agriculture. Petrochemical agriculture is characterized by consuming a lot of petroleum-based energy and raw materials, using a lot of fertilizers and pesticides, large-scale single planting or breeding, and a highly mechanized, automated and large-scale agricultural model.

Undeniably, this model has brought about a double increase in agricultural output in China, but at the cost of environmental pollution and degradation (ecological environment degradation, soil degradation, soil organic matter reduction, water pollution, agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, etc.) and the unsustainability of high energy input model.

Agricultural technology in the post-industrial era is changing the unsustainability of petrochemical agriculture and the negative externalities of the environment in many ways.

There is no strict definition of agriculture in the post-industrial era. In terms of modes, such as ecological agriculture, biological agriculture, circular agriculture, organic agriculture, permanence agriculture, natural agriculture, forest agriculture and Regenerative agriculture, these are all attempts in this regard.

Although the early organic agriculture and natural agriculture left the impression of low yield and low efficiency, with the development of microbial technology, molecular biotechnology, ecological technology, information technology, complex systems and other technologies, agriculture in the post-industrial era is constantly improving productivity on the premise of sustainable development.

Take the application of microbial technology in soil improvement as an example: the industrialized agricultural model has caused soil fertility degradation, organic matter reduction, soil microbial degradation and other problems. This not only reduces the yield, but also reduces the soil organic matter, which also means increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. Using microbial technology can efficiently return straw to the field, improve soil organic matter, and restore healthy microbial population in the soil, which not only restores soil fertility, but also increases soil carbon sequestration and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

In addition to the field of soil improvement, the development of microbial technology in anaerobic/aerobic fermentation has also greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural and domestic organic waste recycling, turning the garbage in industrial thinking into energy and fertilizer for agriculture in the post-industrial era.

There are biotechnology, such as biological nitrogen fixation; Ecological technology, such as making more use of biological natural enemies for pest management, treating weeds not with herbicides but with comprehensive management (even utilization); At the same time, modern information technology and artificial intelligence technology can more accurately fertilize and use drugs and reduce the waste of unsustainable resources.

On the whole, agricultural technology in the post-industrial era is constantly improving productivity on the premise of sustainable development.

Attribute: agriculture has changed from a single production attribute to a multi-functional attribute.

As an industry with the closest connection between man and nature, agriculture should have multiple functions, but it was only regarded as the production of agricultural products and means of production (pure production function) during the industrialization period. Agriculture should have social, economic and environmental functions besides production functions.

As early as the 1980s and 1990s, Japan and Europe began to actively promote MFA- Multifunctional Agriculture. UNEP The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) described multifunctional agriculture in its "Agriculture at the Crossroads: A Comprehensive Report" in 2009:

(Illustration: Multifunctional Agriculture Multifunctional Agriculture, IAASTD, UNEP)

Social function of agriculture: agriculture provides a healthy environment and food for the whole society, agriculture and rural areas are also the inheritance of social traditions and culture, and agriculture also plays the role of employment buffer and social stability.

The economic function of agriculture: the commercialization of crop output and its processed products, the primary and secondary production of agriculture, and the positive externalities created by agriculture can empower the economy.

The environmental functions of agriculture: soil, water, climate and biodiversity, which are not only the foundation of agriculture, but also the environment on which our human society depends. Agriculture can destroy the environment, and agriculture can also repair it.

China is a country with a large population. In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the period of rapid economic development, the issue of grain output and food security has always been the primary issue of agricultural development. However, with the 12-year continuous increase of grain from 2003 to 2015, the self-sufficiency rate of grain reached 80-90%, and the output was no longer the main goal of agricultural development. We gradually began to pay attention to the social, economic and environmental functions of agriculture, and this trend can also be clearly seen from China’s agricultural policies and rural revitalization strategies in recent years.

The transformation of agricultural technology and attributes brings new opportunities for economic development.

Let’s go back to the economic growth function:

Economic growth function: Y=F(A,K,L),

Y stands for total output, which can be understood as GDP；; A stands for innovation, K stands for capital investment, and L stands for human capital. That is to say, economic growth is a function of innovation, capital and labor.

In the period of dual development, agriculture continuously provides human capital (L) for the development of industrial sectors, but after the Lewis turning point, at our present stage, agriculture will promote economic development by promoting social innovation (A) and form an endogenous growth model driven by technological innovation.

How does agriculture promote innovation? Focus on the environmental function of agriculture.

Sustainable agriculture combined with rational planning, rural areas (including suburbs and towns) have healthy soil, high-quality water, biodiversity and beautiful natural landscape.

The first is industries based on beautiful environment, such as rural tourism, pension, health care, natural education and other industries. Beautiful environment is not only the core assets of these industries, but also provides new competitive advantages and stimulates industry innovation.

Secondly, a good environment will attract those enterprises suitable for telecommuting to settle in villages (or towns). Compared with big cities, rural areas have better natural environment, lower living costs, slower pace of life and cheap and fresh ingredients, which makes some R&D departments such as IT enterprises or high-tech enterprises begin to consider or are moving enterprises/departments out of big cities and into villages/towns.

In fact, the headquarters of many high-tech enterprises in Europe and America are located in some humble towns. There is a famous rural Silicon Valley in Japan, which is located in the once-depressed village-Kamiyama-CHO. Now, many places in China have begun to take advantage of the rural environment to develop innovative industries, as well as rural Silicon Valley. This approach not only reduces the costs of enterprises and employees in many aspects, but also brings employees a healthier life. At the same time, a beautiful environment can stimulate the creativity of enterprises and individuals and inject innovative vitality into the whole economic development.

The so-called "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", a good environment is not only an asset in itself, but also can empower more industries and society, stimulate innovation, and form an endogenous growth model driven by innovation.

summary

In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the progress of agriculture enabled us to get out of the Malthusian trap and the population doubled. However, due to the social system, a large number of people were stranded in the countryside and then involved.

With the reform and opening up and the activation of the system, a large number of surplus labor in agriculture has become a huge demographic dividend in the dual development model, achieving rapid growth for 30 years; When traveling to lewis turning point, the demographic dividend disappeared, and at the same time, with the retreat of late-comer advantage and environmental degradation, the growth slowed down;

The transformation of technology and attributes of agriculture brings new opportunities to China’s economy in the transition period. Sustainable agricultural technology can repair the environment. On the one hand, the environmental function of agriculture promotes economic growth with environmental capital, on the other hand, it stimulates innovation with environmental empowerment, thus forming an endogenous growth model driven by innovation.

References:

1. The most important thing for Cai Fang and China is to find new sources of growth.

2. Huang Zongzhi, "China’s hidden agricultural revolution"

3. ronald harry coase/Wang Ning, Transforming China: The Road to China in Market Economy.

4. the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan (2018-2022).

5. Liang Jianzhang: Enlightenment of Paul Romer’s Nobel Prize in Economics to China.

6.World Bank and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization，《Agriculture at a Crossroads- International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge,Science and Technology for Development》

[Introduction of titanium media author: Zheng Lun, founder of AgriReview of field observation, please send an email to 19222038@qq.com if you contact the author. 】

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　　On January 22nd, the provincial transportation center held the first plenary meeting of the provincial general highway waterway safety production and Spring Festival travel rush service guarantee in 2025 and the provincial transportation center safety committee, conveying the spirit of studying the national and provincial Spring Festival travel rush working conference, the spirit of the first plenary meeting of the office safety committee and the "30 hard measures" of the Ministry of Transport, and making arrangements for the ordinary highway safety, safe production, Spring Festival travel rush service, letters and visits stability and emergency dispatch.

　　The meeting emphasized that,One isAct quickly and take Spring Festival travel rush’s production safety as a top priority. Deeply understand that "Spring Festival travel rush’s safety is stricter than usual, and Spring Festival’s safety is stricter than Spring Festival travel rush’s safety", put Spring Festival travel rush’s work of safe production and smooth transportation in a more prominent position, grasp key areas and key links, strengthen the supervision of ordinary highways, long bridges and tunnels, 171 shipping companies on waterways and 124 operating ferries, resolutely prevent and contain serious accidents, and make every effort to ensure the overall safety and stability of the industry.The second isRefine the work tasks and make every effort to take the initiative to prevent extreme weather. According to the 19 specific tasks in the work plan of Spring Festival travel rush in the provincial center, the implementation measures will be further refined. Establish a list of responsibilities, clarify job responsibilities step by step, and form a situation of joint management and individual responsibility. Strengthen emergency response, pay close attention to meteorological changes, strengthen early warning and prediction, and start the response mechanism in time to achieve early start, early warning, early preparation, early deployment and early action. We will spare no effort to remove snow and ensure traffic safety, preset emergency forces and emergency equipment and materials in advance on key road sections, increase the frequency of inspections before, during and after rain and snow, and actively carry out snow removal and ice melting operations, so as to clear the road as it descends, clear the road while clearing it, and stop the road when it snows. Strengthen service guarantee, improve the "one road, one policy" emergency plan for long-term congested road sections, and spare no effort to unblock and ensure smoothness.The third isStrict supervision and inspection to ensure that all work is carried out. The provincial center was divided into groups and sent to various places to carry out the investigation and supervision of "five observations and five inspections" around the implementation of Spring Festival travel rush’s safety, security and smoothness. All localities should quickly carry out comprehensive inspection and arrangement of key road sections, key waters, key parts and key links under their jurisdiction, comprehensively sort out and investigate the work of safe production, smooth communication and stable letters and visits, resolutely prevent all kinds of accidents and ensure the overall safety and stability of the industry.

Inquiry method of online banking transaction limit of bank card

In today’s digital financial era, online banking has become an indispensable part of our daily life. However, it is very important to know the online banking transaction limit of bank cards to ensure the safety of funds and smooth transactions. The following will introduce several common methods for you to inquire about the online banking transaction limit of bank cards in detail.

First of all, it is the most direct and convenient way to inquire through the official website of the bank. You just need to open the official website of the bank and log in to your online banking account. Usually, you can find specific information about the transaction limit in the relevant menus such as personal settings, security settings or transaction settings. The website layout of different banks may be different, but there are generally clear guidelines to help you find relevant content.

Secondly, you can also call the customer service phone of the bank to make an inquiry. Customer service staff will accurately inform you of the online banking transaction limit of the bank card according to the identity information and bank card information provided by you. When making a call, please prepare the relevant certificate information so that the customer service staff can verify your identity.

In addition, some banks’ mobile banking applications also provide the function of querying transaction limits. After you log in to your account in mobile banking, you can usually get detailed limit information by searching in the options related to settings or transactions.

In order to give you a clearer understanding of the trading limits of different banks, here are some online banking trading limits of some common banks (the data are for reference only, subject to the latest regulations of each bank):

| Bank Name|| Transfer Limit| Payment Limit|
|—-|—-|—-|
| Bank of China | 500,000 yuan in a single transaction, with a daily accumulative total of 1 million yuan | Depending on different payment scenarios |
| Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | 500,000 yuan in a single transaction, with a daily cumulative amount of 2.5 million yuan | depending on different payment scenarios |
| Construction Bank | 500,000 yuan for a single transaction, and 5 million yuan for a day | Depending on different payment scenarios |

It should be noted that the bank’s online banking transaction limit may change due to many factors, such as your account type, security authentication method, bank policy adjustment, etc. Therefore, it is recommended that you regularly check the latest transaction limit information to ensure that your online banking transactions can proceed smoothly.

In a word, there are many ways to query the online banking transaction limit of bank cards, so you can choose the most convenient and quick way according to your actual situation. Knowing the trading limit in time can help you plan the use of funds better and avoid unnecessary troubles in the trading process.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

　　At the beginning of this month, a criminal ruling issued by Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court showed that Tong Mingqian, former vice chairman of Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference and now serving his sentence in Qincheng Prison, received a six-month commutation, and his sentence after commutation will expire on June 30, 2018.

　　Tong Mingqian will be the first tiger to be released after serving his sentence.

　　Incident

　　— — The bribery case that shocked the whole country.

　　The story of Tong Mingqian, the "first tiger" in Hunan after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, from a senior official at the provincial and ministerial level to a criminal in jail, begins with the election more than five years ago.

　　From December 28th, 2012 to January 3rd, 2013, the first meeting of the 14th People’s Congress was held in Hengyang City, Hunan Province. In the process of electing the deputies to the 12th People’s Congress of Hunan Province by difference, what was later called "the most serious case of sabotaging the election since the establishment of the new China People’s Congress system" appeared.

　　According to the situation investigated later, the severity of this bribery election case is shocking.

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, among the 76 provincial people’s congress deputies elected in Hengyang at that time, 56 people sent money to canvass votes, totaling more than 110 million yuan, and the per capita money was nearly 2 million yuan, which did not include the usual money for dinner. Of the 527 Hengyang Municipal People’s Congress deputies who attended the meeting, 518 received more than 100 million yuan in money and goods.

　　The staff of Hengyang Municipal People’s Congress participated in receiving and distributing money, and 68 staff of the Congress received a total of 10.01 million yuan.

　　At the beginning of April 2013, the cover of Hengyang’s sabotage election case, which was tried by some forces, was finally completely uncovered with the direct intervention of the central government and the vigorous promotion of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee.

　　Since April 2013, a thorough investigation storm has been launched in Hengyang, and a large number of people involved in the case have fallen.

　　In Hengyang officialdom, there were nearly 500 people who were seriously dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty and violation of discipline in this case, including Tong Mingqian, then secretary of Hengyang Municipal Party Committee.

　　China News Service reporter Liu Zhenshe

　　crime and punishment

　　— — Mr. Nice guy was sentenced to five years in prison for dereliction of duty.

　　On December 18th, 2013, the website of CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection released a message that Tong Mingqian, who had been the vice chairman of Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference at that time, was suspected of serious violation of discipline and law and was under investigation. A few days later, Tong Mingqian was "double opened".

　　CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection mentioned in his briefing on Tong Mingqian:

　　During his tenure as secretary of Hengyang Municipal Committee of Hunan Province, Tong Mingqian, as the leader of the leading group for the city’s general election and the first responsible person for serious general election discipline, did not perform his duties correctly, and did not take effective measures in time to seriously investigate and deal with the bribery problems exposed before and after the election of Hunan Provincial People’s Congress by Hengyang Municipal People’s Congress, which led to serious cases of violation of discipline and law that undermined the election by bribery, causing great losses to the interests of the party, the country and the people, and extremely bad political and social impacts.

　　More than seven months later, on July 24, 2014, the famous "Mr. Nice guy" in local officialdom stood in the dock of Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court. On August 18th, Tong Mingqian was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment for dereliction of duty.

　　After the trial of Tong Mingqian case, China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper published a commentary entitled "Not only checking corrupt officials but also treating mediocre officials". According to the article, as the first senior official who was dismissed for dereliction of duty since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the sample significance of Tong Mingqian’s case is enormous: the fight against corruption can’t stop at the fight against corruption, and inaction for officials is also corruption.

　　reduce a penalty

　　— — Became an activist for prison reform for two consecutive years.

　　According to the judgment of Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court, Tong Mingqian was detained on January 1, 2014 on suspicion of dereliction of duty, arrested on January 14 of the same year, and then detained in Qincheng Prison of the Ministry of Public Security.

　　After spending more than four years in prison, in March this year, the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court issued a public notice on the trial of Tong Mingqian’s commutation case. In June, the hospital issued a criminal ruling on the commutation of Tong Mingqian’s dereliction of duty.

　　According to the ruling, Qincheng Prison, the executive organ, proposed to reduce the sentence of Tong Mingqian, a criminal. Qincheng Prison believes that Tong Mingqian, a criminal, can plead guilty and repent, seriously abide by laws, regulations and prison rules, obey management and actively reform during the period of serving his sentence. In 2015 and 2016, he won the award of prison reform activists for two consecutive years. According to Tong Mingqian’s reform and reward, Qincheng Prison put forward suggestions on reducing Tong Mingqian’s sentence.

　　In the ruling, Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court stated that during the period of serving his sentence, Tong Mingqian pleaded guilty, repented, abided by laws, regulations and prison regulations, and received education and reform, and his sentence could be reduced. However, in view of the fact that the offender is a duty criminal, the extent of his commutation should be strictly controlled.

　　Finally, the court ruled that Tong Mingqian was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment (the sentence that should be executed after commutation is from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018).

　　In fact,Up to now, among the provincial and ministerial officials who have been sentenced since the 18 th National Congress, Tong Mingqian is not the shortest sentence.

　　For example, in November 2016, Zhang Lijun, former vice minister of environmental protection, was sentenced to four years’ imprisonment for accepting bribes.

　　Another example is that in May 2017, Zheng Yuzhen, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of Liaoning Provincial People’s Congress, was sentenced to three and a half years for the crime of sabotaging elections and accepting bribes.

　　However, Tong Mingqian, whose sentence has been commuted, will be the first provincial and ministerial official whose sentence will expire after the 18th National Congress.

　　China News Service reporter Zhang Hao photo

　　What is the basis of Tong Mingqian’s commutation?

　　According to the above ruling, Tong Mingqian’s commutation can be found in the relevant legal provisions.

　　Article 78 of the Criminal Law clearly stipulates that a criminal sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment may have his sentence reduced if, during the execution period, he earnestly abides by prison regulations, receives education and reform, shows genuine repentance, or performs meritorious service.

　　According to the above-mentioned ruling on Tong Mingqian’s commutation, Tong Mingqian’s commutation should belong to "observing the prison regulations seriously, accepting education and reform, and really showing repentance".

　　The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Specific Application of Laws in Handling Cases of Commutation and Parole, which came into effect on January 1, 2017, also clarified that:

　　The starting time of commutation for criminals sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment is: if they are less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, they should be executed for more than one year before commutation; If a person is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years, he shall be sentenced to one year and six months before his sentence can be reduced; If a person is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, his sentence shall be commuted after two years. The starting time of commutation of fixed-term imprisonment is calculated from the date of execution of the judgment.

　　Those who do show repentance or render meritorious service shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than nine months at a time; Those who do show repentance and perform meritorious service shall be given a reduced sentence of not more than one year in prison at a time; Those who have made significant meritorious service shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than one year and six months at a time; Those who do show repentance and make significant meritorious service shall be given a reduced sentence of not more than two years’ imprisonment at a time. (Kan Feng)

The State Council Press Office held a press conference at 10 am on Wednesday, January 13th, 2016, and invited Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, to introduce the import and export situation in 2015 and answer questions from reporters.

The picture shows the press conference.

Hu Kaihong:
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the press conference of the State Council Information Office. Today, we invited Mr. Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, and asked him to introduce the import and export situation in 2015 and answer your questions. Let’s ask Director Huang to introduce the situation first.

Huang Yuping:
Hello, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to today’s press conference. It’s a pleasure to meet you and report on China’s foreign trade import and export in 2015, and then answer your questions.

In 2015, the overall recovery of the global economy was weak, the prospects were difficult and tortuous, the downward pressure on the domestic economy was great, and the development of foreign trade entered a new normal. According to customs statistics, in 2015, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade was 24.59 trillion yuan, down 7% from 2014. Among them, exports were 14.14 trillion yuan, down 1.8%; Imports were 10.45 trillion yuan, down 13.2%; The trade surplus was 3.69 trillion yuan, up 56.7%.

In the complicated and severe situation, the development of foreign trade still presents some positive changes and highlights, mainly in the following aspects:

First, the mode of trade is becoming more reasonable. With the vigorous promotion of the State Council’s "steady growth and structural adjustment" measures, the import and export value of China’s general trade in 2015 was 13.29 trillion yuan, down 6.5%, accounting for 54% of the total import and export value, accounting for 0.3 percentage points higher than the previous year; Of which exports increased by 2.2%.

Second, the diversification of trading partners has made positive progress. In 2015, the European Union, the United States and ASEAN were my top three trading partners, with bilateral trade values of 3.51 trillion yuan, 3.47 trillion yuan and 2.93 trillion yuan respectively. In the same period, China’s trade with ASEAN, India and other emerging markets performed relatively well, with the bilateral trade value with ASEAN slightly decreasing by 0.6% and India increasing by 2.5%, both of which were better than the overall situation of import and export.

Third, the foreign trade of private enterprises shows vitality. In 2015, the import and export of private enterprises in China was 9.1 trillion yuan, a slight decrease of 0.2%, accounting for 37% of the total import and export value, an increase of 2.5 percentage points; Of which exports increased by 3.1%.

Fourth, the structure of export commodities was further optimized. In 2015, China exported 8.15 trillion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, up 1.2%, accounting for 57.7% of the total export value, up 1.7 percentage points from the previous year. In the same period, the total export value of seven categories of labor-intensive products, such as textiles, clothing, luggage, footwear, toys, furniture and plastic products, was 2.93 trillion yuan, down by 1.7%, accounting for 20.7% of the total export value; Among them, the export of toys, furniture, luggage and plastic products maintained growth.

5. The import volume of some bulk commodities maintained growth, and the terms of trade further improved. In 2015, the import volume of some bulk commodities in China kept increasing. Among them, imported iron ore was 953 million tons, an increase of 2.2%; 334 million tons of crude oil, up 8.8%. In the same period, China’s import prices generally fell by 11.6%. Among them, the prices of iron ore, crude oil, refined oil, soybeans, coal and copper fell deeply. In the same period, China’s export prices generally fell by 1%, which was significantly smaller than the overall decline of import prices in the same period. From this calculation, China’s trade price terms index was 112.1 in 2015, which indicated that a certain number of goods exported by China could be exchanged for 12.1% more imported goods, which meant that China’s trade price terms were obviously improved and the foreign trade benefits were improved.

The picture shows Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, introducing the import and export situation in 2015.

At the same time, we must also see that there are still some difficulties in the development of China’s foreign trade. For example, in 2015, China’s bilateral trade with the EU and Japan decreased by 7.2% and 9.9% respectively; The import and export of foreign-invested enterprises and state-owned enterprises decreased by 6.5% and 12.1% respectively; The import and export of processing trade decreased by 10.6%. In December 2015, China’s foreign trade export leading index was 31.2, down 0.8 from November, indicating that China’s export pressure was still relatively high in the first quarter of this year.

Faced with the severe and complicated foreign trade situation, the Customs will resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in accordance with the overall arrangement of the Central Economic Work Conference, and promote the stable growth, transformation and upgrading of foreign trade.

Now I’d like to answer your questions.

Hu Kaihong:
Thank you, Director Huang. Let’s start asking questions. Please inform the news organization you represent before asking questions.

CCTV reporter:
In the data you just released, the import and export volume of foreign trade showed a double decline in 2015. What do you think of this? Besides, I noticed that this situation only happened once in the case of the global financial crisis in 2009, and it happened again in 2015. What do you think may be the reason?

Huang Yuping:
In recent years, China’s economy has been more deeply integrated into the world economy, and the development of foreign trade has also entered a new normal development stage with the low growth of the global economy. 2015 can be said to be a year in which the international and domestic situation of China’s goods trade has been more complicated and severe since the new round of global financial crisis. Although the import and export values have declined, through the joint efforts of the whole country, our exports are obviously better than those of the major economies in the world, and the market share has increased compared with the previous year. The drop in import value is large, mainly due to the sharp drop in international commodity prices. This is our overall evaluation of China’s import and export performance of goods trade in 2015.

According to our analysis, the double decline of China’s foreign trade import and export in 2015 has the following specific factors: from the perspective of exports, the main reason is the sluggish external demand. Since 2008, the international financial crisis has destroyed the growth momentum of the world economy, and the overall recovery of the international economy is weak, which has led to a period of deep adjustment of global trade, thus inhibiting China’s export growth. I have just introduced that the export value of China’s mechanical and electrical products only increased by 1.2% in 2015, down by 1.4 percentage points from the previous year. The export value of traditional labor-intensive products decreased by 1.7%, which is also a rare situation in recent years.

This is also confirmed by the global export situation announced by the World Trade Organization. Since 2015, the global export value has experienced a sharp decline, which is rare in recent years. According to the data released by WTO, in dollar terms, the global export value declined by more than 11% in the first 10 months of 2015, which was a decline again after the global financial crisis broke out in 2009. As I mentioned just now, in 2015, China’s exports were significantly better than those of the major economies in the world. In dollar terms, China’s exports fell by 2.5% in the first 10 months, while US exports fell by 6.5%, EU by 13.2% and Japan by 9.5% in the same period.

From the perspective of imports, I will first talk about two sets of data. The first set of data is the price of crude oil in the international market. In 2015, the futures price of NYSE light crude oil was around $50 a barrel at the beginning of the year, and rose to $60 a barrel in the middle of the year, but fell below $40 a barrel by the end of the year, which was more than 40% lower than the year-end peak. By the beginning of 2016, the price is close to $30 per barrel. In the past year, the average import price of our crude oil also dropped from 2856 yuan per ton at the beginning of the year to 2020 yuan per ton in December, with a cumulative decrease of 29.3%. The average import price for the whole year dropped by 45.3% compared with the previous year. The second set of data is the CRB price index of commodities of the US Bureau of Commodity Investigation. This index fell to the level of the global financial crisis in 2008 in 2015. Since May 2014, the CRB price index began to drop sharply from 500 points. Although it rebounded slightly in the first half of 2015, it generally showed a downward trend. By the end of 2015, it fell to 380 points, down 24% from the highest level of the previous year. In January 2016, the index continued to fall to 370 points, approaching the level of 300 points from the end of 2008 to the beginning of 2009 during the global financial crisis. In 2015, the average import prices of bulk commodities such as iron ore, coal, refined oil and copper in China also fell, with year-on-year declines of 39%, 21.8%, 38.3% and 17.1% respectively.

The sharp drop in the prices of major commodities in the world has actually confirmed the slow recovery of the world economy and the sluggish demand. Of course, as China’s economic development enters a new normal, the domestic economy is facing greater downward pressure, and the growth rate of some bulk commodity imports has also slowed down. In 2015, China’s crude oil imports increased by 8.8%, iron ore imports increased by 2.2%, while coal, copper and steel imports decreased by 29.9%, 0.3% and 11.4% respectively, all of which were lower than the previous year. Therefore, the sharp drop in global commodity prices and the slowdown in the growth rate of commodity imports are important reasons for the decline in China’s import value in 2015. Thank you.

Phoenix TV reporter:
We have seen that the exchange rate of RMB has depreciated sharply in these two days except these two days. I’d like to ask you, considering the trend of RMB exchange rate, what do you think of the impact of exchange rate on import and export in 2016?

Huang Yuping:
Recently, the exchange rate has changed rapidly. The change of exchange rate will affect China’s import and export situation to a certain extent. This year’s foreign trade situation, various factors will affect the import and export of foreign trade, and the impact of exchange rate depends on the specific changes in exchange rate this year. We will continue to pay attention to the changes in exchange rate and trade.

Nigerian national television reporter:
Import and export trade between China and Africa in 2015 and between China and Nigeria. Is the trade between China and Nigeria balanced? If it is unbalanced, which side will benefit more? And how to make China-Nepal trade more balanced?

Huang Yuping:
In 2015, the import and export of bilateral trade between China and Africa was 1.11 trillion yuan, down 18.3% year-on-year, of which 0.67 trillion yuan was exported, up 3.6%, and 0.44 trillion yuan was imported, down 38.4%. Imports and exports with Nigeria were 92.7 billion yuan, down 16.3% year-on-year, of which exports were 85 billion yuan, down 10.1%, and imports were 7.7 billion yuan, down 52.8%.

In 2015, Nigeria was China’s third largest trading partner and second largest export market in Africa. China’s exports to Nigeria are mainly mechanical and electrical products and textiles, while imports are mainly commodities such as logs and crude oil.

China’s adherence to opening-up and development and its economic and trade cooperation with African countries, including Nigeria, must be mutually beneficial and win-win.

Last December, the Supreme Leader of president met with Nigerian President Buhari. I believe that in the future, as long as the two sides make joint efforts, give full play to the two advantages of traditional friendship and strong economic complementarity, enhance political mutual trust, close friendly exchanges and deepen cooperation in various fields, they will certainly promote the all-round and rapid development of friendly and mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries. Thank you.

Russian Tass news agency reporter:
My first question is about Sino-Russian trade in 2015. The second question is, Sino-Russian trade seems to have declined last year. Can it stabilize and rebound this year? Thank you.

Huang Yuping:
In 2015, the total bilateral trade between China and Russia was 422.73 billion yuan, down by 27.8%. Among them, exports to Russia reached 216.24 billion yuan, down 34.4%. Imports from Russia were 206.49 billion yuan, down 19.1%, and the trade surplus was 9.75 billion yuan, narrowing by 86.9%.

Last year should be a severe and complicated year for international trade. This year’s situation, we think, is still rather severe and complicated. Whether there can be a positive trend in Sino-Russian trade, I think, one depends on the economic situation of the two countries and the international environment and situation. Thank you.

Xinhua News Agency reporter:
Last year, both our import and export declined, but you also mentioned that the quality and efficiency of our foreign trade have improved. What are the main aspects? How do you expect the situation of our foreign trade import and export this year? Is it as severe as last year? Thank you.

Let me answer the second question first. In 2016, there will be no obvious improvement in the situation of low world economic growth and sluggish external demand, and China’s foreign trade development still faces many difficulties. However, as long as we follow the unified decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, grasp the correct direction, push forward our work in a down-to-earth manner, accelerate the formation of a new pattern of foreign trade opening-up and actively cultivate new advantages in international competition, I think with the continuous advancement of China’s comprehensive deepening reform and opening-up process, various measures to promote the steady growth of foreign trade will be gradually put in place, and all the work to promote foreign trade development will achieve tangible results, and we will certainly achieve higher quality and more effective development.

In terms of quality and efficiency last year, we have improved. Although trade faces many difficulties, thanks to hard efforts in all aspects, China’s foreign trade has also achieved new results in optimizing its structure, and it has also made outstanding achievements in upgrading quality, efficiency and upgrading, and being superior in entry and exit, mainly as follows:

First, it has maintained its position as the largest country in global trade in goods. At present, China is already the world’s largest country in goods trade and the largest exporter. Combined with the trade situation of the world’s major economies, China will still maintain the position of the world’s largest total value of goods trade in 2015, and its export market share will reach 13%, which will continue to improve compared with the previous year.

Second, emerging trade formats have injected new vitality into foreign trade. Since 2015, China’s emerging trade formats have thrived, and the state has launched a series of new measures to promote the rapid development of emerging trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce and market procurement. For example, since the pilot, by the end of November 2015, seven pilot cities, including Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, had launched cross-border electronic commerce’s retail import business, and inspected and released 100 million packages with a value exceeding 15.5 billion yuan.

Third, excellent entry and excellent exit have achieved new results. In 2015, the trade mode, trade subject, commodity structure, market diversification, terms of trade and contribution to economic and social development also showed a trend of continuous optimization. For example, the proportion of general trade exports and the proportion of private enterprises’ imports and exports have all increased; Mobile phone exports increased by 8.8%, medical instruments and instruments exports increased by 7.2%, and exports to emerging markets such as ASEAN, India, Latin America and Africa increased by 1.1 percentage points; On the import side, more attention is paid to the import of advanced technology, key equipment and important spare parts. In 2015, the import of high-tech products in China increased by 0.7%, accounting for 32.6% of the total import value, up by 4.5 percentage points.

As for this year’s expectations, we have also noticed that the media are concerned about this year’s foreign trade growth target. I don’t know the specific situation at present, and I suggest you learn from relevant departments. Thank you.

China Net reporter:
Excuse me, Director Huang, we have noticed that in 2015, China’s trade with the EU and Japan declined to a great extent, while its trade with emerging markets such as ASEAN and India increased significantly. How do you interpret these changes? At the same time, in the face of the difficulties in the foreign trade situation this year, what measures do you think our customs will take this year to promote the convenience of the business environment? Thank you.

Huang Yuping:
Just now, we introduced that the import and export of emerging markets, such as ASEAN, have only slightly declined, and the situation is still relatively good. For India, we are growing. At present, the economic situation of emerging market countries is relatively good and the political situation is relatively stable, which has promoted the trade development between China and these emerging markets. In particular, emerging markets have gradually become an important direction for China’s exports.

This year, the customs has also introduced a number of policies and measures to support the development of foreign trade. For example, in terms of customs clearance reform, we have introduced customs clearance integration reform; In terms of reducing the cost of enterprises and facilitating customs clearance, we have also introduced some policies to improve the timeliness of customs clearance and reduce the export cost of enterprises. In addition, we have some measures to simplify administration and decentralize power, which have also been introduced in succession, mainly promoting the cancellation and decentralization of customs administrative examination and approval, and implementing the new requirements of standardized examination and approval in the State Council, establishing a new mechanism for standardized management of administrative examination and approval, comprehensively cleaning up matters involving intermediary services and optimizing internal merger matters, and actively exerting self-pressure. In addition, it also actively promotes some successful experiences of Shanghai Free Trade Zone. All these measures will promote the development of foreign trade. Thank you.

Nigerian national television reporter:
How do you predict the changes in China-Africa trade this year? Including imports and exports, if so, what are the reasons?

Huang Yuping:
As I said just now, the international economic and trade situation this year is still severe and complicated. I think the development of China-Africa trade can not be separated from this general environment. Whether the bilateral trade between China and Africa is developing in a good direction or in a more severe situation depends on the specific situation in the future. We will pay close attention to the development of China-Africa trade, actively create a good customs clearance environment and convenient conditions for China-Africa trade, and also support our enterprises to "go global" and develop good economic and trade relations with Africa. Thank you.

Hu Kaihong:
Today’s press conference is over. Thank you, Director Huang, and thank you all.