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law of the people’s republic of china on the prevention and treatment of infections diseases

　　(Adopted at the Sixth Session of the Seventh the NPC Standing Committee on February 21, 1989, revised at the 11th Session of the Tenth the NPC Standing Committee on August 28, 2004, and revised according to the Decision on Amending the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics and Other Twelve Laws of the Third Session of the Twelfth the NPC Standing Committee on June 29, 2013).

catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Prevention of Infectious Diseases

　　Chapter III Report, Notification and Publication of Epidemic Situation

　　Chapter IV Epidemic Control

　　Chapter V Medical Treatment

　　Chapter VI Supervision and Administration

　　Chapter VII Safeguard Measures

　　Chapter VIII Legal Liability

　　Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of preventing, controlling and eliminating the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases and safeguarding human health and public health.

　　Article 2 The State implements the policy of putting prevention first in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, combining prevention and control, managing by classification, relying on science and relying on the masses.

　　Article 3 Infectious diseases stipulated in this Law are classified into Class A, Class B and Class C..

　　Class A infectious diseases refer to plague and cholera.

　　Class B infectious diseases refer to: infectious atypical pneumonia, AIDS, viral hepatitis, polio, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, epidemic encephalitis B, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, scarlet fever, brucellosis, gonorrhea and syphilis.

　　Class C infectious diseases refer to influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, kala-azar, echinococcosis, filariasis, infectious diarrhea except cholera, bacterial and amebic dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.

　　According to the outbreak, epidemic situation and degree of harm of infectious diseases, the health administrative department of the State Council can decide to increase, decrease or adjust the diseases of Class B and Class C infectious diseases and publish them.

　　Article 4 For infectious atypical pneumonia in Class B infectious diseases, pulmonary anthrax in anthrax and human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, preventive and control measures for Class A infectious diseases as mentioned in this Law shall be adopted. Other Class B infectious diseases and infectious diseases with sudden unknown causes need to take measures for prevention and control of Class A infectious diseases as mentioned in this Law, and the administrative department of health of the State Council shall promptly report to the State Council for approval before promulgation and implementation.

　　Need to lift the prevention and control measures of Class A infectious diseases taken in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, shall be announced by the health administrative department of the State Council after being approved by the State Council.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the circumstances, decide to manage other endemic infectious diseases that are common and frequent within their respective administrative areas according to Class B or Class C infectious diseases and publish them, and report them to the health administrative department of the State Council for the record.

　　Article 5 People’s governments at all levels shall lead the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate plans for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and organize their implementation, and establish and improve the disease prevention and control, medical treatment, supervision and management systems for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Article 6 The health administrative department of the State Council shall be in charge of the prevention and control of infectious diseases and its supervision and management. The health administrative departments of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and their supervision and management within their respective administrative areas.

　　Other departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases within their respective functions and duties.

　　The prevention and control of infectious diseases in the armed forces shall be handled in accordance with this Law and the relevant provisions of the state, and shall be supervised and managed by the competent health department of the China People’s Liberation Army.

　　Seventh disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall undertake the monitoring, prediction, epidemiological investigation, epidemic situation report and other prevention and control work of infectious diseases.

　　Medical institutions undertake the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases related to medical treatment and the prevention of infectious diseases in the responsible areas. Under the guidance of disease prevention and control institutions, urban communities and rural grassroots medical institutions shall undertake the corresponding prevention and control of infectious diseases in urban communities and rural grassroots.

　　Article 8 The state develops modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, supports and encourages scientific research on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and improves the scientific and technological level of the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

　　The state supports and encourages international cooperation in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

　　Article 9 The State supports and encourages units and individuals to participate in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. People’s governments at all levels should improve the relevant systems to facilitate units and individuals to participate in publicity and education, epidemic report, voluntary service and donation activities for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

　　Residents’ committees and villagers’ committees shall organize residents and villagers to participate in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in communities and rural areas.

　　Article 10 The State shall carry out health education on the prevention of infectious diseases. The news media should carry out public welfare propaganda for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and public health education free of charge.

　　Schools at all levels and types should educate students about health knowledge and prevention of infectious diseases.

　　Medical colleges and universities should strengthen preventive medicine education and scientific research, provide preventive medicine education and training for students and other personnel related to the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and provide technical support for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions shall regularly train their staff in the knowledge and skills of infectious disease prevention and control.

　　Eleventh units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements and contributions in the prevention and control of infectious diseases shall be commended and rewarded.

　　In accordance with the relevant provisions, subsidies and pensions will be given to those who are sick, disabled or killed because of their participation in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Article 12 All units and individuals within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC) must accept preventive and control measures such as investigation, inspection, sample collection and isolation treatment of infectious diseases by disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions, and truthfully provide relevant information. Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions shall not disclose relevant information and materials involving personal privacy.

　　Where the administrative department of health and other relevant departments, disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions violate the legitimate rights and interests of units and individuals by illegally implementing administrative management or preventive and control measures, the relevant units and individuals may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring a lawsuit according to law.

Chapter II Prevention of Infectious Diseases

　　Article 13 People’s governments at all levels shall organize mass health activities, carry out health education on the prevention of infectious diseases, advocate civilized and healthy lifestyles, improve public awareness of the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and their ability to cope with them, strengthen environmental sanitation construction, and eliminate the harm of rodents and vectors such as mosquitoes and flies.

　　The administrative departments of agriculture, water conservancy and forestry of the people’s governments at all levels shall be responsible for guiding and organizing the elimination of rodent and schistosomiasis hazards in farmland, lakes, rivers, pastures and forest areas, as well as the hazards of other animals and vectors that spread infectious diseases.

　　The administrative departments of railways, transportation and civil aviation shall be responsible for organizing the elimination of rodents, mosquitoes, flies and other vectors in transportation and related places.

　　Article 14 Local people’s governments at all levels shall build and transform public health facilities in a planned way, improve the sanitary conditions of drinking water, and conduct harmless disposal of sewage, dirt and feces.

　　Article 15 The state practices a planned vaccination system. The health administrative departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the needs of prevention and control of infectious diseases, formulate plans for vaccination against infectious diseases and organize their implementation. Vaccines used for vaccination must meet the national quality standards.

　　The state implements a vaccination certificate system for children. Vaccination in the national immunization program is free. Medical institutions, disease prevention and control institutions and guardians of children should cooperate with each other to ensure that children receive vaccination in time. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 16 The state and society should care for and help patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and patients suspected of infectious diseases, so that they can be treated in time. No unit or individual may discriminate against patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and suspected patients with infectious diseases.

　　Patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and patients suspected of infectious diseases shall not engage in the work that is prohibited by laws, administrative regulations and the provisions of the administrative department of health of the State Council, which is easy to spread the infectious diseases before they are cured or suspected of infectious diseases are eliminated.

　　Article 17 The State shall establish a monitoring system for infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the State Council formulated the national infectious disease monitoring plan and scheme. The health administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the national infectious disease monitoring plans and programs, formulate the infectious disease monitoring plans and work programs in their respective administrative regions.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels monitor the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases and the factors affecting their occurrence and prevalence; Monitor infectious diseases that have occurred abroad, have not yet occurred in China, or have newly occurred in China.

　　Eighteenth disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall perform the following duties in the prevention and control of infectious diseases:

　　(a) the implementation of infectious disease prevention and control planning, plans and programs;

　　(2) Collecting, analyzing and reporting the monitoring information of infectious diseases, and predicting the occurrence and epidemic trend of infectious diseases;

　　(three) to carry out epidemiological investigation, on-site treatment and effect evaluation of infectious diseases and public health emergencies;

　　(four) to carry out laboratory detection, diagnosis and pathogen identification of infectious diseases;

　　(five) the implementation of immunization program, responsible for the use and management of preventive biological products;

　　(six) to carry out health education and consultation, and popularize the knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control;

　　(seven) to guide and train the disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels and their staff to carry out the monitoring of infectious diseases;

　　(eight) to carry out applied research and health evaluation on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and provide technical advice.

　　National and provincial disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for monitoring the occurrence, prevalence and distribution of infectious diseases, predicting the epidemic trend of major infectious diseases, proposing preventive and control countermeasures, participating in and guiding the investigation and handling of outbreaks, carrying out pathogen identification of infectious diseases, establishing a detection quality control system, and carrying out applied research and health evaluation.

　　Municipal and county-level disease prevention and control institutions with districts are responsible for the implementation of infectious disease prevention and control plans and schemes, organizing the implementation of immunization, disinfection and control of the harm of vectors, popularizing the knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control, monitoring and reporting the epidemic situation and public health emergencies in the region, and conducting epidemiological investigations and detection of common pathogenic microorganisms.

　　Article 19 The State establishes an early warning system for infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the prediction of the occurrence and epidemic trend of infectious diseases, issue early warning of infectious diseases in a timely manner and publish them according to the situation.

　　Twentieth local people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate plans for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and report them to the people’s government at the next higher level for the record.

　　The plan for the prevention and control of infectious diseases shall include the following main contents:

　　(a) the composition of the infectious disease prevention and control headquarters and the responsibilities of relevant departments;

　　(two) the system of monitoring, information collection, analysis, reporting and notification of infectious diseases;

　　(three) the tasks and responsibilities of disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions in the event of an epidemic of infectious diseases;

　　(four) the classification of the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases and the corresponding emergency work plan;

　　(5) Prevention of infectious diseases, on-site control of epidemic spots and epidemic areas, and reserve and transfer of emergency facilities, equipment, rescue drugs and medical devices, and other materials and technologies.

　　Local people’s governments and disease prevention and control institutions shall, after receiving the early warning of infectious diseases issued by the health administrative department of the State Council or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, take corresponding prevention and control measures according to the prevention and control plan of infectious diseases.

　　Twenty-first medical institutions must strictly implement the management system and operational norms stipulated by the health administrative department of the State Council to prevent iatrogenic infection and hospital infection of infectious diseases.

　　Medical institutions shall designate special departments or personnel to undertake the epidemic report of infectious diseases, the prevention and control of infectious diseases in their own units and the prevention of infectious diseases in their responsible areas; To undertake the monitoring, safety protection, disinfection, isolation and medical waste disposal of risk factors related to hospital infection in medical activities.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall designate special personnel to guide and assess the prevention of infectious diseases in medical institutions and carry out epidemiological investigations.

　　Article 22 Institutions for disease prevention and control, laboratories of medical institutions and units engaged in pathogenic microorganism experiments shall meet the conditions and technical standards prescribed by the state, establish a strict supervision and management system, and strictly supervise and manage infectious disease pathogen samples according to the prescribed measures to prevent laboratory infection of infectious disease pathogens and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms.

　　Twenty-third blood collection and supply institutions and biological products production units must strictly implement the relevant provisions of the state to ensure the quality of blood and blood products. It is forbidden to illegally collect blood or organize others to sell blood.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions must abide by the relevant provisions of the state when using blood and blood products to prevent the occurrence of blood-borne diseases caused by blood transfusion and use of blood products.

　　Twenty-fourth people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the prevention and control of AIDS and take preventive and control measures to prevent the spread of AIDS. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 25 The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the people’s governments at or above the county level and other relevant departments shall be responsible for the prevention and control of animal infectious diseases related to zoonotic infectious diseases according to their respective functions and duties.

　　Wild animals, livestock and poultry related to zoonotic infectious diseases can only be sold and transported after passing quarantine inspection.

　　Article 26 The State shall establish a database of strains and viruses of infectious diseases.

　　The collection, preservation, carrying, transportation and use of infectious disease strains, viruses and infectious disease detection samples shall be classified and a strict management system shall be established and improved.

　　If it is really necessary to collect, preserve, carry, transport and use samples of strains, viruses and infectious diseases that may lead to the spread of Class A infectious diseases and the provisions of the health administrative department of the State Council, it must be approved by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Twenty-seventh sewage, dirt, places and articles contaminated by infectious disease pathogens, the relevant units and individuals must carry out strict disinfection treatment under the guidance of disease prevention and control institutions or in accordance with their health requirements; Refuse to disinfect, by the local health administrative department or disease prevention and control institutions for compulsory disinfection.

　　Article 28 If large-scale construction projects such as water conservancy, transportation, tourism and energy are planned to be built in natural foci confirmed by the state, the disease prevention and control institutions at or above the provincial level shall conduct a sanitary investigation on the construction environment in advance. The construction unit shall, according to the opinions of the disease prevention and control institutions, take necessary measures to prevent and control infectious diseases. During the construction period, the construction unit shall designate a special person to be responsible for the health and epidemic prevention work on the site. After the completion of the project, the disease prevention and control institutions shall monitor the possible infectious diseases.

　　Twenty-ninth for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, drinking water supplied by disinfection products and drinking water supply units and products related to the hygiene and safety of drinking water shall conform to the national hygiene standards and hygiene norms.

　　Drinking water supply units engaged in production or supply activities shall obtain hygiene licenses according to law.

　　Units that produce disinfection products for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and disinfection products for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases shall be subject to examination and approval by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

Chapter III Report, Notification and Publication of Epidemic Situation

　　Article 30 When disease prevention and control institutions, medical institutions, blood collection and supply institutions and their personnel performing their duties discover the epidemic situation of infectious diseases as stipulated in this Law or other outbreaks, epidemics and infectious diseases with unknown causes, they shall follow the principle of territorial management of epidemic situation reporting and report according to the contents, procedures, methods and time limits as stipulated by the State Council or the administrative department of health of the State Council.

　　When military medical institutions provide medical services to the public and discover the epidemic situation of infectious diseases specified in the preceding paragraph, they shall report it in accordance with the provisions of the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　Thirty-first any unit or individual shall report to the nearby disease prevention and control institutions or medical institutions in a timely manner when discovering patients with infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases.

　　Article 32 When port, airport, railway disease prevention and control institutions and frontier health and quarantine organs find patients with Class A infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and suspected infectious diseases, they shall immediately report to the disease prevention and control institutions where the frontier port is located or the health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level and notify each other.

　　Thirty-third disease prevention and control institutions should take the initiative to collect, analyze, investigate and verify the epidemic information of infectious diseases. Upon receiving the epidemic report of Class A and Class B infectious diseases or discovering the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases, it shall immediately report to the local health administrative department, which shall immediately report to the local people’s government, and report to the health administrative department at a higher level and the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall set up or designate special departments and personnel to be responsible for the information management of infectious diseases, and verify and analyze the epidemic reports in a timely manner.

　　Article 34 The health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall timely inform the disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions within their respective administrative areas of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases and relevant information on monitoring and early warning. The disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions that have received the notification shall promptly inform the relevant personnel of their own units.

　　Article 35 The administrative department of health of the State Council shall timely inform other relevant departments of the State Council and the administrative departments of health of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government of the national epidemic situation of infectious diseases and relevant information of monitoring and early warning.

　　The health administrative departments of the neighboring and related local people’s governments shall timely inform each other of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas and the relevant information of monitoring and early warning.

　　When the relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level find the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, they shall promptly notify the health administrative department of the people’s government at the same level.

　　When the health administrative department of China People’s Liberation Army finds the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, it shall notify the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　Thirty-sixth animal epidemic prevention institutions and disease prevention and control institutions shall timely notify each other of the epidemic situation of zoonotic infectious diseases among animals and between humans and related information.

　　Article 37 The relevant departments of the people’s government, disease prevention and control institutions, medical institutions, blood collection and supply institutions and their staff responsible for reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to the provisions of this Law shall not conceal, falsely report or delay reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases.

　　Article 38 The State establishes a system for publishing information on epidemic situation of infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the State Council regularly publishes information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases throughout the country. The health administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government regularly publish information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas.

　　When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the health administrative department of the State Council is responsible for publishing the epidemic information of infectious diseases to the public, and may authorize the health administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to publish the epidemic information of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas to the public.

　　The information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases shall be published in a timely and accurate manner.

Chapter IV Epidemic Control

　　Article 39 When a medical institution discovers a Class A infectious disease, it shall take the following measures in time:

　　(a) patients and pathogen carriers shall be treated in isolation, and the isolation period shall be determined according to the results of medical examination;

　　(two) for suspected patients, isolated treatment in designated places before diagnosis;

　　(3) To conduct medical observation and take other necessary preventive measures at designated places for patients, pathogen carriers and close contacts of suspected patients in medical institutions.

　　Refuse isolation treatment or leave isolation treatment without authorization before the expiration of the isolation period, and the public security organ may assist the medical institution to take compulsory isolation treatment measures.

　　When a medical institution finds a patient with a Class B or Class C infectious disease, it shall take necessary treatment and control measures according to the condition.

　　Medical institutions must disinfect and dispose of the places, articles and medical wastes contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in their own units in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.

　　Fortieth disease prevention and control institutions shall take the following measures in time when they find the epidemic situation of infectious diseases or receive the report of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases:

　　　(1) Conduct epidemiological investigation on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, put forward suggestions on delineating epidemic spots and epidemic areas according to the investigation, carry out sanitary treatment on contaminated places, conduct medical observation and take other necessary preventive measures in designated places for close contacts, and put forward epidemic control plans to the administrative department of health;

　　(2) When an infectious disease breaks out and spreads, carry out sanitary treatment on the epidemic spot and epidemic area, put forward an epidemic control plan to the administrative department of health, and take measures according to the requirements of the administrative department of health;

　　(three) to guide the disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels to implement measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and to organize and guide the relevant units to deal with the epidemic situation of infectious diseases.

　　Article 41 The local people’s government at or above the county level may take quarantine measures against the personnel in the place where a class A infectious disease case has occurred or in a specific area within the place, and report to the people’s government at the next higher level at the same time; The people’s government at a higher level that receives the report shall immediately make a decision on whether or not to approve it. If the people’s government at a higher level makes a decision not to approve, the people’s government that implements the isolation measures shall immediately lift the isolation measures.

　　During the period of isolation, the people’s government that implements isolation measures shall provide living security for the isolated personnel; If the isolated person has a work unit, the unit where he works shall not stop paying his remuneration during the isolation period.

　　The lifting of isolation measures shall be decided and announced by the original decision-making organ.

　　Article 42 In the event of an outbreak or epidemic of infectious diseases, the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall immediately organize forces to carry out prevention and control in accordance with the prevention and control plan, and cut off the transmission route of infectious diseases. When necessary, they shall report to the people’s government at the next higher level for decision, and may take the following emergency measures and make an announcement:

　　(1) Restrict or stop fairs, theater performances or other crowd gathering activities;

　　(2) Suspension of work, business or classes;

　　(three) closed or sealed public drinking water sources, food and related items contaminated by infectious disease pathogens;

　　(4) controlling or culling infected wild animals, domestic animals and poultry;

　　　(five) closed places that may cause the spread of infectious diseases.

　　When the people’s government at a higher level receives a report from the people’s government at a lower level on taking the emergency measures listed in the preceding paragraph, it shall make a decision immediately.

　　The lifting of emergency measures shall be decided and announced by the original decision-making organ.

　　Article 43 When Class A and Class B infectious diseases break out and become epidemic, the local people’s governments at or above the county level may, upon the decision of the people’s government at the next higher level, declare part or all of their administrative areas as epidemic areas; The State Council can decide and announce epidemic areas across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The local people’s governments at or above the county level may take emergency measures as stipulated in Article 42 of this Law within the epidemic area, and may carry out health quarantine on people, materials and means of transport entering or leaving the epidemic area.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may decide to block the epidemic areas of Class A infectious diseases within their respective administrative areas; However, it is up to the State Council to seal off the epidemic areas in large and medium-sized cities or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as the blockade of epidemic areas that leads to the interruption of trunk traffic or the closure of borders.

　　The lifting of the blockade of epidemic areas shall be decided and announced by the original decision-making organ.

　　Article 44 When a Class A infectious disease occurs, in order to prevent the infectious disease from spreading through the means of transport and the personnel and materials it carries, traffic health quarantine can be implemented. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 45 In case of an outbreak or epidemic of infectious diseases, according to the needs of epidemic control of infectious diseases, the State Council has the right to mobilize personnel or reserve materials in an emergency within its administrative area, and to temporarily requisition houses, vehicles and related facilities and equipment, nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Those who urgently mobilize personnel shall be given reasonable remuneration in accordance with the regulations. Temporary requisition of houses, vehicles and related facilities and equipment shall be compensated according to law; If it can be returned, it shall be returned in time.

　　Article 46 If a person dies of Class A infectious diseases or anthrax, the corpse shall be immediately sanitized and cremated nearby. In case of death from other infectious diseases, if necessary, the corpse shall be cremated after sanitary treatment or buried in accordance with regulations.

　　In order to find out the cause of infectious diseases, medical institutions may, when necessary, conduct autopsy on the corpses of patients with infectious diseases or suspected patients with infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions of the administrative department of health of the State Council, and shall inform the families of the deceased.

　　Article 47 Articles contaminated or possibly contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in epidemic areas that can be used after disinfection shall be disinfected under the guidance of local disease prevention and control institutions before they can be used, sold and transported.

　　Article 48 When an epidemic situation of infectious diseases occurs, the disease prevention and control institutions and other professional technical institutions related to infectious diseases designated by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level may enter the epidemic spots and epidemic areas for investigation, sample collection, technical analysis and inspection.

　　Article 49 When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the units producing and supplying drugs and medical devices shall produce and supply drugs and medical devices for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in a timely manner. Railway, transportation and civil aviation business units must give priority to transporting personnel dealing with infectious diseases and drugs and medical devices for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall do a good job in organization and coordination.

Chapter V Medical Treatment

　　Article 50 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen and improve the construction of the service network for medical treatment of infectious diseases, designate medical institutions with the conditions and ability to treat infectious diseases to undertake the task of treating infectious diseases, or set up infectious diseases hospitals according to the needs of treating infectious diseases.

　　Article 51 The basic standards, architectural design and service flow of medical institutions shall meet the requirements of preventing hospital infection of infectious diseases.

　　Medical institutions shall disinfect the medical devices used in accordance with the regulations; Medical devices that are used once in accordance with regulations shall be destroyed after use.

　　Medical institutions shall, in accordance with the diagnostic criteria and treatment requirements of infectious diseases stipulated by the health administrative department of the State Council, take corresponding measures to improve the medical treatment ability of infectious diseases.

　　Article 52 Medical institutions shall provide medical aid, on-site rescue and treatment for patients with infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases, write medical records and other relevant materials, and keep them properly.

　　Medical institutions should implement the system of pre-inspection and triage of infectious diseases; Patients with infectious diseases and suspected infectious diseases should be guided to relatively isolated triage points for initial diagnosis. If a medical institution does not have the corresponding treatment ability, it shall transfer the patient and a copy of his medical records to a medical institution with the corresponding treatment ability. The specific measures shall be formulated by the administrative department of health of the State Council.

Chapter VI Supervision and Administration

　　Article 53 The health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall perform the following duties of supervision and inspection on the prevention and control of infectious diseases:

　　(a) to supervise and inspect the health administrative departments of the people’s governments at lower levels in performing the duties of prevention and control of infectious diseases as stipulated in this Law;

　　(two) to supervise and inspect the prevention and control of infectious diseases in disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions;

　　(three) to supervise and inspect the blood collection and supply activities of blood collection and supply institutions;

　　(four) to supervise and inspect the disinfection products used for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and its production units, and to supervise and inspect the production or supply activities of drinking water supply units and products related to the hygiene and safety of drinking water;

　　(five) to supervise and inspect the collection, preservation, carrying, transportation and use of infectious disease strains, viruses and infectious disease detection samples;

　　(six) to supervise and inspect the sanitary conditions of public places and relevant units and the prevention and control measures of infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall be responsible for organizing the handling of major issues in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Article 54 The health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall have the right to enter the inspected unit and the scene where the epidemic situation of infectious diseases occurs to investigate and collect evidence, consult or copy relevant materials and collect samples when performing the duties of supervision and inspection. The units under inspection shall cooperate and shall not refuse or obstruct.

　　Article 55 When the health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level performs the duties of supervision and inspection, it is found that public drinking water sources, food and related articles contaminated by infectious disease pathogens may lead to the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases if control measures are not taken in time, temporary control measures such as closing public drinking water sources, sealing food and related articles or suspending sales may be taken, and inspection or disinfection may be carried out. After inspection, food that is contaminated shall be destroyed; For unpolluted food or articles that can be used after disinfection, the control measures shall be lifted.

　　Article 56 When performing their duties according to law, the staff of the administrative department of health shall have at least two persons, show their law enforcement certificates and fill in health law enforcement documents.

　　After verification, the health law enforcement documents shall be signed by the health law enforcement personnel and the parties concerned. If the party refuses to sign, the health law enforcement personnel shall indicate the situation.

　　Article 57 The administrative department of health shall establish and improve the internal supervision system according to law, and supervise the performance of duties by its staff according to the statutory authority and procedures.

　　If the health administrative department at a higher level finds that the health administrative department at a lower level fails to handle matters within the scope of its duties in time or fails to perform its duties, it shall be ordered to make corrections or deal with them directly.

　　Fifty-eighth health administrative departments and their staff shall consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens when performing their duties. Units and individuals have the right to report violations of this law to the people’s governments at higher levels and their health administrative departments. The relevant people’s government or its health administrative department that receives the report shall promptly investigate and deal with it.

Chapter VII Safeguard Measures

　　Article 59 The State shall incorporate the prevention and control of infectious diseases into the national economic and social development plan, and the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the prevention and control of infectious diseases into the national economic and social development plan of their respective administrative regions.

　　Article 60 Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the daily expenses for the prevention, control and supervision of infectious diseases within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the responsibilities of the governments at the corresponding levels.

　　The administrative department of health of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, determines the national infectious disease prevention, control, treatment, monitoring, prediction, early warning, supervision and inspection projects according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases. The central government grants subsidies to the implementation of major infectious disease prevention and control projects in difficult areas.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases within their respective administrative areas, determine the prevention, control and supervision of infectious diseases within the scope of the projects determined by the health administrative department of the State Council, and guarantee the implementation funds of the projects.

　　Article 61 The State strengthens the construction of the system for the prevention and control of infectious diseases at the grass-roots level, and supports the prevention and control of infectious diseases in poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels shall guarantee the funds for the prevention of infectious diseases in urban communities and rural grassroots.

　　Article 62 The state provides medical assistance to people in need suffering from specific infectious diseases, and reduces or exempts medical expenses. The specific measures shall be formulated by the health administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council.

　　Article 63 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for storing medicines, medical devices and other materials for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases for use.

　　Article 64 The relevant units shall, in accordance with the provisions of the state, take effective health protection measures and medical and health care measures and give appropriate allowances to the personnel engaged in the prevention, medical treatment, scientific research, teaching and on-site treatment of epidemic situations, as well as other personnel exposed to infectious disease pathogens in production and work.

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

　　Article 65 Where local people’s governments at various levels fail to perform their reporting duties in accordance with the provisions of this Law, or conceal, falsely report or delay reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, or fail to organize timely treatment and take control measures when infectious diseases break out and spread, the people’s governments at higher levels shall order them to make corrections, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 66 Where the administrative department of health of the people’s government at or above the county level violates the provisions of this Law and has any of the following circumstances, the administrative department of health of the people’s government at the same level or the people’s government at a higher level shall order it to make corrections, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(1) Failing to perform the duty of informing, reporting or publishing the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to law, or concealing, making false reports or delaying reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(2) Failing to take timely preventive and control measures when the spread of infectious diseases occurs or may occur;

　　　(three) failing to perform the duties of supervision and inspection according to law, or failing to investigate and deal with illegal acts in time;

　　　(4) Failing to investigate and deal with the reports of units and individuals that the health administrative departments at lower levels fail to perform their duties of prevention and control of infectious diseases;

　　　(5) Other dereliction of duty or dereliction of duty in violation of this Law.

　　Article 67 If the relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level fail to perform their duties of prevention and protection of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the relevant departments of the people’s governments at the same level or at higher levels shall order them to make corrections, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 68 If a disease prevention and control institution violates the provisions of this Law and has any of the following circumstances, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections within a time limit, and informed criticism shall give it a warning; The responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice certificate of the relevant responsible personnel may be revoked according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(a) failing to perform the duties of monitoring infectious diseases according to law;

　　　(2) Failing to perform the duties of reporting and informing the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to law, or concealing, making false reports or delaying reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(three) did not take the initiative to collect information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, or did not timely analyze, investigate and verify the information and report on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(4) Failing to take the measures prescribed in this Law in time according to the duties when discovering the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(5) Deliberately disclosing personal privacy-related information and materials of patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers, suspected patients with infectious diseases and close contacts.

　　Article 69 If a medical institution violates the provisions of this Law and is under any of the following circumstances, the administrative department of health of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and informed criticism shall give it a warning; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice certificate of the relevant responsible personnel may be revoked according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(1) Failing to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the unit, the task of hospital infection control and the prevention of infectious diseases in the responsible area in accordance with the regulations;

　　　(two) failing to report the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions, or concealing, making false reports or delaying the reporting of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(3) failing to provide medical aid, on-site rescue, consultation and referral to patients with infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases in accordance with the regulations when the epidemic situation of infectious diseases is discovered, or refusing to accept referral;

　　(four) failing to disinfect or dispose of the places, articles and medical wastes contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in the unit in accordance with the regulations;

　　(five) failing to disinfect medical devices in accordance with the regulations, or failing to destroy and reuse medical devices used once in accordance with the regulations;

　　　(six) failing to keep medical records in accordance with the provisions in the process of medical treatment;

　　　(7) Deliberately disclosing personal privacy-related information and materials of patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers, suspected patients with infectious diseases and close contacts.

　　Article 70 If a blood collection and supply institution fails to report the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions, or conceals, falsely reports or delays reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, or fails to implement the relevant provisions of the state, resulting in the occurrence of blood-borne diseases caused by blood transfusion, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and informed criticism shall give it a warning; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice license of blood collection and supply institutions may be revoked according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Those who illegally collect blood or organize others to sell blood shall be banned by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level, their illegal income shall be confiscated, and they may be fined not more than 100,000 yuan; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 71 If the frontier health and quarantine organ or animal epidemic prevention agency fails to perform the duty of reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to law, the relevant departments shall order it to make corrections within the scope of their respective duties, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given the punishment of demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 72 Where railway, transportation and civil aviation business units fail to give priority to transporting personnel dealing with infectious diseases and drugs and medical devices for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the relevant departments shall order them to make corrections within a time limit and give them a warning; If serious consequences are caused, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law.

　　Article 73 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, has caused or may cause the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases under any of the following circumstances shall be ordered by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections within a time limit, his illegal income shall be confiscated, and he may also be fined not more than 50,000 yuan. If a license has been obtained, the original license issuing department may temporarily suspend or revoke the license according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) the drinking water supplied by the drinking water supply unit does not meet the national hygiene standards and hygiene norms;

　　(two) the products related to the hygiene and safety of drinking water do not meet the national hygiene standards and hygiene norms;

　　(three) disinfection products used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases does not meet the national health standards and health norms;

　　(4) selling or transporting articles contaminated or possibly contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in epidemic areas without disinfection;

　　(five) the blood products produced by the biological products production unit do not meet the national quality standards.

　　Article 74 Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law under any of the following circumstances shall be ordered by the health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and informed criticism shall give a warning. If a permit has been obtained, it may be temporarily suspended or revoked according to law; Causing the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases and other serious consequences, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given the punishment of demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice certificate of the relevant responsible personnel may be revoked according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(a) disease prevention and control institutions, medical institutions and units engaged in pathogenic microorganism experiments do not meet the conditions and technical standards prescribed by the state, and the samples of infectious disease pathogens are not strictly managed in accordance with the regulations, resulting in laboratory infection and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms;

　　(two) in violation of the relevant provisions of the state, collecting, preserving, carrying, transporting and using infectious disease strains, viruses and infectious disease detection samples;

　　(3) Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions fail to implement the relevant provisions of the state, resulting in the occurrence of blood-borne diseases caused by blood transfusion and use of blood products.

　　Article 75 Anyone who sells or transports wild animals, livestock and poultry related to zoonotic infectious diseases without quarantine inspection shall be ordered by the animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act and be given administrative punishment according to law.

　　Article 76 If large-scale construction projects such as water conservancy, transportation, tourism and energy are built in natural foci confirmed by the state, and the construction has not been carried out by health investigation, or necessary measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases have not been taken according to the opinions of disease prevention and control institutions, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections within a time limit, give it a warning and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan; If no correction is made within the time limit, a fine of not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan may be imposed, and the relevant people’s government may be requested to stop construction and close down according to its functions and powers.

　　Article 77 Units and individuals that violate the provisions of this Law, resulting in the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases and causing damage to others’ lives and property shall bear civil liability according to law.

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 78 The meanings of the following terms in this Law:

　　(1) Infectious disease patients and suspected infectious disease patients: refer to those who meet the diagnostic criteria of infectious disease patients and suspected infectious disease patients according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Infectious Diseases Managed by the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in People’s Republic of China (PRC) issued by the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　(2) Pathogen carrier: refers to a person who has no clinical symptoms but can excrete pathogens.

　　(3) Epidemiological investigation: it refers to the investigation and study on the distribution and determinants of diseases or health status in the population, and puts forward disease prevention and control measures and health care countermeasures.

　　(4) Epidemic focus: refers to a small or single epidemic focus where pathogens spread from the source of infection to the surrounding areas.

　　(5) Epidemic area: refers to the area where infectious diseases break out and spread among people and their pathogens can spread to the surrounding areas.

　　(6) zoonotic infectious diseases: refer to infectious diseases that people and vertebrates suffer together, such as plague, rabies, schistosomiasis, etc.

　　(7) Natural focus: refers to an area where some pathogens that can cause human infectious diseases exist and circulate in wild animals in nature for a long time.

　　(8) Vector organisms refer to organisms that can transmit pathogens from humans or other animals to humans, such as mosquitoes, flies and fleas.

　　(9) Iatrogenic infection refers to the infection caused by the spread of pathogens in medical services.

　　(10) Nosocomial infection: refers to the infection acquired by inpatients in the hospital, including the infection during hospitalization and the infection after discharge in the hospital, but excluding the infection that started before admission or was in the incubation period when admission. The infection acquired by hospital staff in the hospital is also a hospital infection.

　　(eleven) laboratory infection: refers to the infection caused by contact with pathogens when engaged in laboratory work.

　　(12) strains and viruses: refer to bacterial strains and virus viruses that may cause infectious diseases as stipulated in this Law.

　　(13) Disinfection means killing or eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in the environment by chemical, physical and biological methods.

　　(14) Disease prevention and control institutions: refers to disease prevention and control centers engaged in disease prevention and control activities and units with the same business activities as the above-mentioned institutions.

　　(15) Medical institutions refer to institutions that have obtained the practice license of medical institutions and engaged in disease diagnosis and treatment activities in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions.

　　Article 79 The provisions of other relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply to the management of food, medicines, blood, water, medical wastes and pathogenic microorganisms, animal epidemic prevention and frontier health quarantine in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, which are not provided for in this Law.

　　Article 80 This Law shall come into force as of December 1, 2004.

Route: Liangxi Village-Chen Yuan’s former residence-Wudong Village

[Related Information]

Address: Wudong, Tangxia Town, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen City

　　China Overseas Chinese Network July 27th According to the report of Spain’s Oulang. com, the Spanish Chinese 100-yuan store food stores are facing competition from a large number of small supermarkets, but at the same time, many Chinese have changed their careers and directly joined the chain operation to become the owners of small supermarkets. The large number of small supermarkets has attracted the attention of statistical agencies.

　　According to "american retail", there were 550 small supermarkets opened in Spain last year, most of which were small fast-selling supermarkets under big chain brands, such as Carrefour Express. This is closely related to the change of residents’ consumption habits. More and more people advocate fast, which provides a market for small supermarkets in residential areas.

　　"Spaniards are gradually giving up going to traditional markets and large supermarkets in the suburbs, but choosing online shopping or small supermarkets in residential areas." In the past ten years, this supermarket revolution has been replaced unconsciously. However, the origin of all the changes starts from 2009. From that year, the commercial law changed, it became easier to open a small convenience supermarket, and the government also encouraged the development of small commodity trade. In 2013, the People’s Party government at that time passed the Business Freedom Emergency Act, which once again contributed to the opening of such commercial supermarkets. Subsequently, chain operation rose rapidly, and in 2017, it began to enter a period of explosive growth.

　　Faced with this phenomenon, some analysts believe that small supermarkets are struggling to survive in the gap between large supermarkets and hundred-dollar stores, while others believe that this has brought crisis to Chinese hundred-dollar stores. At present, consumers are more and more interested in buying goods near their place of residence, which requires higher and higher speed of purchase. In addition, the requirements for quality have not decreased. Therefore, this is an excellent opportunity for small supermarkets. On the other hand, many small express supermarkets have become the pick-up points for online shopping and play an important role in the whole online shopping chain. (Xiaoxin)

Internet cafes are many fond memories of the post-80s and 90s. From Red Police and CS to DOTA and LOL, the author still vividly remembers the scenes of fighting in Internet cafes when he was a student. I remember that at that time, several internet cafes near my home were full every night, and the sound of keyboard tapping filled every corner. But a few years later, these Internet cafes have changed their doors, leaving only one struggling, dilapidated house and few internet users, which is probably a true portrayal of the whole Internet cafe market.

Poverty changes, and change leads to communication. Today, with the widespread popularity of the Internet, Internet cafe practitioners are also trying to find new ways, hoping to gain their own place in the changing times.

There is still a market for internet cafes in good places.

Although computers and mobile phones have robbed a large number of customers, the group of Internet cafes has not disappeared. Even today, when the Internet is very developed, the author thinks that Internet cafes still have their specific functions for different consumers.

The first is game lovers. From LOL to Jedi survival, most online games are not exciting enough to play at home, and it is more interesting to form a team with many people, so game enthusiasts will meet and "fight" in Internet cafes. This kind of customers can be regarded as the most important consumer groups in Internet cafes, accounting for more than half of the total.

Secondly, there are college students’ consumer groups, who can also be regarded as frequent visitors to Internet cafes. Although the dormitory can also surf the internet, everyone must have a deep understanding of the speed of the school. It is ok to look at the webpage, but it is absolutely impossible to play online games freely. Therefore, most students are more willing to spend money online in Internet cafes with fast internet speed in their spare time.

There is also a group of people who also have demand for Internet cafes, that is, business people on business trips from other places. This kind of consumers may have office needs when going out to do business, or they need to find a place to kill time when waiting for the bus, so Internet cafes are their better choice.

But whether it is business people or college students, will they choose smoky and mixed Internet cafes? The answer is obviously no. Even the post-80s and post-90s young people who have experienced dirty Internet cafes are now resistant to dirty Internet cafes. This makes Internet cafes have to be upgraded to meet the needs of the times. Because of this, after some baptism, brand-new Internet cafes came into being.

The difference between Internet cafes and Internet cafes is a thousand miles away.

From internet cafes to internet cafes, although there is only one word difference, it contains changes in the whole industry. No matter the decoration style or business model, Internet cafes have undergone tremendous changes. Sitting in a brand-new internet cafe, you will not think that this is the once dirty internet cafe.

Simply put, an Internet cafe is an Internet cafe plus coffee. In addition to retaining the traditional Internet service, the Internet cafe also adds a water bar to provide customers with hand-made drinks. Internet cafes not only provide customers with a comfortable and fast internet environment, but also add many elements of games and e-sports, so they have gradually become a new format with both entertainment and leisure functions.

The indoor environment of Internet cafes is spacious and tidy, and generally comes standard with comfortable and soft sofas, which can provide users with a comfortable and quiet online environment. It’s quite different from the past, when Internet cafes were filled with smoke and garbage everywhere. Internet cafes are also more active in management. Smoking is prohibited in the house, and customers who encounter smoking will be dissuaded by the staff at the first time. After every customer leaves, the staff will go over and tidy up their seats as soon as possible.

The computer configuration of Internet cafes has also been greatly upgraded. In addition to the top graphics card and CPU, Samsung curved display and liquid-cooled chassis are also available. Take "Escape from the Jedi" as an example. This game requires high computer configuration, but you can enjoy eating chicken smoothly in the Internet cafe.

From comfortable indoor environment to top computer configuration, the author thinks that the emergence of Internet cafes is not only self-salvation to adapt to the new era, but also reflects the changes of people’s living standards. Internet cafes can now meet the basic needs of users in the new era.

Supervision in place is no longer the after-school stronghold of the student party.

In the past, the owners of Internet cafes were driven by interests, and they basically turned a blind eye to minors surfing the Internet. Therefore, every time after school, many figures in school uniforms were seen playing games happily in Internet cafes. I have a deep understanding of this, because I was once one of them.

I remember that there were two ways for minors to surf the Internet at that time. The first way was to say an adult’s ID number casually, so that they could surf the Internet normally. As long as the ID number was right, the staff of the Internet cafe would not stop them at all. The second way is to log in as an administrator, both of which can make minors surf the Internet unimpeded. I remember that every night, the author estimates that 80% customers in Internet cafes are students who have just left school in a nearby school.

However, this situation will never happen in today’s Internet cafes. Some time ago, the author chatted with a familiar Internet cafe administrator. He told me that at present, the regulatory authorities are very strict in the management of surfing the Internet, and underage students and people without documents are absolutely not allowed to surf the Internet. In addition, the overall system of Internet cafes has also been upgraded, and the way of logging in by entering the ID number in the past has long been unworkable.

Standardized management is also a commendable point in the current Internet cafes. Without the noise of students, Internet cafes are quiet and comfortable now, and more people are willing to go to them to spend their spare time. At the same time, a standardized market and a sound management system also contribute to the growth of young people and block some students from going astray.

Looking forward to the future, Internet cafes+coffee is by no means the end.

Although internet cafes can adapt to the needs of the times and provide better services to customers, this is by no means the end. The author believes that there are three development models in the future.

The data shows that 90% of people go to Internet cafes to play games, so e-sports is a good entry point for Internet cafes in the future. Internet cafes can set up their own amateur e-sports team and attract more ordinary members to join through regular competitions. E-sports team members can also practice competitions with ordinary members, so as to attract more game enthusiasts to enter the Internet cafes.

The second mode is to focus on leisure and entertainment. The number of computers in this kind of internet cafes does not need to be too much, but other game items such as board games and entertainment should be added, and a theme-based comprehensive entertainment venue should be established according to users’ preferences. Through the user’s own circle to influence people around him, so as to attract a group of relatively fixed users.

Finally, take a route similar to a bar, with drinks and catering as the main income and Internet access as the auxiliary function. In fact, the current decoration style of Internet cafes can fully meet this mode of operation, and the resident performances commonly used in ordinary bars can also be introduced. The advantage of this model is diversified development to meet the needs of users at different levels.

Write at the end:

Internet cafes bear a lot of post-80s and post-90s youth, but under the impact of the Internet, traditional Internet cafes have not survived. From the tall environment to the top-of-the-line host, the gorgeous turn from internet cafes to internet cafes saved the industry, which marked the beginning of a new era. However, Internet cafes are by no means the end of the development of the industry. Whether it is a leisure and entertainment route or an e-sports model, there is still a long way to go in the future.

In the era when Internet cafes can make money by lying down, Internet cafe owners may not think about where the future is, but the reality is so cruel that any industry must keep up with the pace of the times, otherwise it will inevitably be eliminated. The author believes that everyone and every industry should have a sense of being prepared for danger in times of peace, and never stop learning, otherwise you may be the next dead end.

Original yiyu observation editorial department yiyu observation

Text/orange

"I am very upset and sorry." "More I think we (Sean Xiao and those who support and like him) are in an equal relationship."

On May 6th, Sean Xiao publicly apologized through a video interview with Zhongxin Jingwei and responded to the controversy since the "227 Incident".

Although this is one of the few public responses of Sean Xiao since the incident happened more than 70 days ago, this video interview is slightly lower-key than the previous actions. According to Yunhe’s data, the interview video that went online at 23:18 on May 6th was only ranked in the top ten of Weibo’s hot search list from 0: 00 to 10: 00 on the 7th, and the hot search position generally showed a downward trend in the following time.

After the interview was launched, it was sent out through the studio Tik Tok: "My new song" Light Spot "has been launched. I heard that friends in Tik Tok are particularly creative and look forward to your new gameplay."

Sean Xiao’s public relations and return to work are still going on, but it seems to have entered the next stage.

From February 26th, when Sean Xiao fans attacked the fan "Falling" and its author, to May 8th, when Sean Xiao promoted a new song in the studio Tik Tok, in 72 days, Sean Xiao and his team conducted a public relations action to deal with and solve the dispute.

A public relations practitioner told Yiyuguancha (ID: yiyuguancha) that if we sort out the development of a series of events from "227 Incident" to now, it actually contains many concepts, such as fan culture, fan culture, secondary element, etc. From this perspective, it can already be called a living sample of China’s internet public opinion field, especially in the field of star culture public opinion.

However, if we return to the public relations action itself, a series of actions failed to satisfy all parties. One Entertainment Watch interviewed fans in Sean Xiao, platform users affected by the controversy, and practitioners in the public relations industry. They shared their views on public relations behavior during this period.

Some fans summed up this series of operations in one word: "cool". "I feel the team is very unprofessional. For example, in that video interview, the platform for choosing to be interviewed was actually a financial media, and the interview questions were not talked about. "

"perfunctory" is the feeling of a website user such as AO3. In her view, the events since the "227 Incident" are not small, and they have affected many circles, but neither the studio’s statement, behavior nor personal response have touched on the controversy of the root cause of the incident.

A senior public relations brand practitioner told Entertainment Watch: From the current point of view, this public relations is a failure. "Where to evaluate this’ failure’, an important indicator is how non-stakeholders view this matter. Because in this "debate", if any of them is asked to evaluate public relations, they can’t get a relatively objective answer. But if you ask passers-by what they think of this person and this matter, I have also done some simple research. Many people say that this matter has not been handled particularly safely. "

Do you want to wait for a "personal response"?

Since the February 26th incident, it seems that many people are waiting for Sean Xiao’s voice.

On April 4th, Xiao Zhan Weibo forwarded Weibo, an official of People’s Daily, who "mourned and remembered his compatriots all over the country". At that time, 42 days had passed since his last Weibo update. But this Weibo still has nothing to do with the controversial event.

And at 0: 00 on April 25, a "all the past, keep in mind." Thanks to all the well-intentioned criticisms and corrections, Weibo, who grew up on the road, seems to be Sean Xiao’s first personal voice about the incident.

At this time, 59 days have passed since February 26th.

During this period, this debate, which was caused by individual fans and involved in many fields, including fans and e-sports, inevitably pushed Sean Xiao to the forefront under the confrontation of different circles. The discussion of "whether idols should pay for fan behavior" has become a thousand waves in an instant.

In fact, Sean Xiao’s own response to the incident began on April 25th, although he had a dynamic update in Weibo before. But if the release of the video interview is the time node, Sean Xiao’s own response is in the second half of the whole event.

In this process, there was actually a debate about whether Sean Xiao should speak out, which became a controversial point of public relations behavior in this incident.

A fan in Sean Xiao said that it was actually okay for Sean Xiao not to make a sound at first, because at that time, if he made a sound himself, the attack on him would be even fiercer, and the "fighting" might be even fiercer.

However, in the opinion of a public relations professional, compared with the constant actions of the studio, my response at the first time may be better, and my response will be more sincere than the words of the studio. But this kind of response does not mean apologizing from beginning to end. "Apologizing can be used, but it will be very cheap to apologize constantly."

▲ Xiao Zhan officially posted a blog response on April 25th.

In fact, behind "whether Sean Xiao should speak out", there are discussions about "whether fans’ behavior idols should pay the bill" and "the relationship between idols and fans".

Sean Xiao said in an interview that he didn’t agree with the word "management". He felt that the relationship with fans was equal. "For me, what I have to do is to do my job well, take my work seriously, and do something positive by myself to guide people who love me."

The above-mentioned people engaged in the public relations industry told ID：yiyuguancha that from the perspective of public relations strategy, it is very important to guide fans, positively screen fans and even set up fan samples. "For example, what is the best fan, the ideal fan and the most rational fan? For example, you send an apology letter to preach that fans should be rational, but why people can’t accept it in the real world is because they can’t find what kind of fans are like you said. You have to tell them who the template and role model are. "

Perhaps, one experience that Xiao Zhan incident can bring is that traffic idols and fans can’t be completely cut.

"I think a naive idea of many artists in public relations is to cut with fans when something goes wrong: black powder or stalking fan, etc. Anyway, he is not my fan. I don’t think it’s helpful to cut such a fan, or in other words, it’s a reaction. Because the high traffic of traffic idols in a short period of time is due to the rapid accumulation of fans, which is made by fans. " At this time, doing fan cutting will undoubtedly feel pale to outsiders.

Apologize, fake, declare, publicize … Did the studio lose its personality under the action?

Before Xiao Zhan himself began to respond in the second half, Sean Xiao Studio undertook most of the official actions of this public relations.

After the "227 Incident" broke out, the first statement was issued on the fourth day, and before that, on February 27th and 28th, the "debate" between Sean Xiao fans and fans in the same circle had reached a climax. To some extent, Sean Xiao and his studio had already lost the right to guide public opinion before the first statement.

▲ Sean Xiao Studio responded on March 1.

At the same time, "occupying social resources", "deeply regretting and apologizing", "rational idolize" and "working together and supporting things that bring positive energy to society" are almost the core contents of the whole statement. Followed by more than five rumors and rights protection statements from time to time.

"What the hell is that voice and that copy!" A fan expressed anger. The wording of the statement and the tone of the text are the points that the interviewed fans and people in the public relations industry "spit".

Non-Sean Xiao tone, and the official and conventional wording, which is somewhat pale to all parties. "Because idolize is a very emotional and emotional thing, it is a gathering of irrational behaviors. And most traffic stars are established by personalization. But the studio is very cold, without any so-called personalized characteristics, and everyone is used to stop guns at first glance. At this time, you use the way of the studio to try to calm things down. In fact, it is adding fuel to the fire, and everyone will think that you are not sincere. "

Out of the frying pan into the fire. Originally, with the new song and Sean Xiao’s two apologies, the incident has eased, but on April 27th, some bloggers who boycotted Sean Xiao in Weibo were bombed, which triggered a new round of public opinion conquests.

The public relations practitioners interviewed told Entertainment Watch (ID: yiyuguancha) that a very important core of public relations is build, such as establishing contacts, establishing relationships, choosing channels that can really improve influence and thickness, etc., rather than destroy.

To some extent, the team used a variety of common methods of public relations, but the effect was not satisfactory. The douban score and word-of-mouth of the work are affected; Endorsed products were boycotted, and even a Weibo topic # Don’t Buy Sean Xiao Endorsed Products # was specially launched. As of May 9, the reading volume was 44.285 million and the discussion was 120,000. Inappropriate remarks in the amateur period have also been dug up.

At the same time, it has never faded out of the public eye. According to Yunhe’s data, from February 26th to May 9th, there were 14 hot searches containing only the keyword "Sean Xiao".

A series of operations and frequent hot searches have made passers-by feel the urgency of the team. One of the consequences of this is that it is easy to arouse the resentment of "outsiders". On Weibo, there are some netizens who are tired of the hot search on Xiao Zhan’s frequency, and there are also speculations about the "throwing money at things" behind it. No matter what, it is Sean Xiao’s image that is self-defeating and Sean Xiao’s reputation is consumed.

Even many fans are uneasy about Sean Xiao’s frequent hot search. "I didn’t dare to brush Weibo at that time," said one fan. For her, it is better for Sean Xiao to keep a low profile, with less attention and topic, than to stay in the forefront and prolong the duration of the event.

So far, the storm may purify the composition of fans, and may also increase the stickiness and loyalty of Sean Xiao’s fans. In fact, some data are still proving the strength of fans. As of May 9, QQ music "Light Spot" has sold more than 29 million copies; Xiao Zhanchao also ranked first in the list of celebrity chaohua in Weibo from May 4th to May 10th.

Whether the storm will continue is unknown, but relevant practitioners said that one of the tasks that Sean Xiao and his team should do now is to stop the loss in time in terms of commercial value. In the long run, we can also keep interacting and communicating with positive and active fans, guide and cooperate with fans to do some positive activities, and look for the next stage of labels.

Original title: "In 72 days, Xiao Zhan’s team contributed a failed public relations"

Read the original text

　　Huasheng Online March 7 (Hunan Daily Huasheng Online reporter liuyong correspondent yu zhang) Recently, the Provincial Forestry Bureau announced 10 typical cases of suspected destruction of wildlife resources during the epidemic prevention and control period.

　　Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the Provincial Forestry Bureau has resolutely implemented the relevant deployment requirements of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, actively organized forest public security organs and forestry law enforcement teams at all levels in the province while doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control, and carried out special actions to crack down on illegal hunting and operation of wild animals and illegal trading of wild animals. According to preliminary statistics, from January 23rd to March 5th, the forestry department of the whole province dispatched a total of 172,000 personnel and 35,600 vehicles, jointly inspected 72,000 business premises such as market catering, and handled 127 administrative cases. The forest public security organs in the province handled 127 criminal cases and arrested 124 suspects.

　　1. Xie Mou’s case of illegal hunting of precious and endangered wild animals

　　Since November 2019, the criminal suspect Xie Mou has illegally hunted 39 wild animals (including 1 sparrow hawk, a national second-class protected wild animal) in the forest such as Luanshiping, Qiushu Village, Fengping Town, Lianyuan City by placing traps, setting up bird nets and using bird traps. On February 11, 2020, the forest police of Lianyuan City arrested the suspect Xie Mou, and seized 13 animal traps, 6 hunting nets, 1 bird trap, 20 dead wild animals and 1 living animal on the spot. At present, Xie has been taken criminal compulsory measures according to law.

　　Second, the case of Sun’s illegal management of wild animals

　　Since 2019, the suspect Sun has rented a facade in Heshan District, Yiyang City without the approval of the wildlife administrative department, and sold non-national key protected wild animals such as water snake and flower snake to various catering hotels. On January 22, 2020, when the police of Heshan Forest Public Security Bureau carried out the epidemic prevention and control inventory, they found that there were wild animals such as bamboo rats, snakes and giant salamanders in the store operated by Sun, and Sun could not provide legal procedures for operating wild animals. The forest public security police found that the illegal transaction amount exceeded 300,000 yuan, and its behavior violated the provisions of Article 225 of the Criminal Law and was suspected of illegal business operation. At present, Sun has been taken criminal compulsory measures.

　　3. Tian’s illegal hunting of precious and endangered wild animals.

　　From February to September 2019, the criminal suspect Tian Mou illegally hunted the national key protected wild animals in the forest in Xiaoping Village, Xiluo Town, Longshan County for five times, and filmed related videos. On February 8, 2020, the Forest Public Security Bureau of Longshan County, when conducting a public opinion inspection of COVID-19 virus, found that Tian was suspected of illegally hunting rare and endangered wild animals, and immediately organized police to arrest him. Through the videos and objects kept by Tian, experts identified one wild animal that he hunted as a national first-class protected animal, the white-necked pheasant, and seven as a national second-class protected animal, the golden pheasant (three were eaten by Tian). At present, Tian has been taken criminal compulsory measures for the crime of illegally hunting precious and endangered wild animals.

　　Fourth, Yao Mobo and others illegally hunted.

　　On February 8, 2020, two suspects, Yao Mobo and Yao Molang, were caught on the spot by the police of the Forest Public Security Bureau of xinhuang dong autonomous county County when they installed wire mesh to illegally hunt birds in Tuanxi Village, Yushi Town. On the spot, 15 birds such as thrush, cuckoo and green finch were seized and a hunting net was seized. After the trial, the suspect Yao Mobo also confessed the criminal facts of catching birds on the net many times from 2018 to 2019. At present, two suspects have been taken criminal compulsory measures to obtain bail pending trial.

　　Five, Yu and others illegal hunting case.

　　Since January 2020, criminal suspects Yu Mou and Cheng Mouhua have illegally hunted wild animals in the mountains around Junmin Reservoir and Tuanjie Reservoir in jinjing town, Changsha County by placing traps with positioning alarm devices. On February 26th, 2020, the Forest Public Security Bureau of Changsha County arrested the suspects Yu Mou and Cheng Mouhua, seized 31 crime tools such as bird cages, outdoor alarm devices, animal traps and audio traps, and seized 30 kg of wild animal meat products and 1 live bamboo chicken. The criminal suspects Yu Mou and Cheng Mouhua were taken criminal compulsory measures on bail pending trial on February 27th and 28th respectively.

　　Six, Zhang and others illegally transported precious and endangered wild animals.

　　Since 2016, the suspect Zhang has been engaged in online wildlife business activities in Guangzhou, Qingyuan and Qiyang. On the morning of January 28th, 2020, according to reports from the masses, the police of the Forest Public Security Bureau of Qiyang County arrested the suspect Zhang, and seized 10 frozen bodies of river deer, 1 frozen body of wild boar, 56 frozen bodies of rabbits, 10 frozen bodies of bamboo rats, more than 361 frozen bodies of birds, 4 feet of wild boar, 8 live bodies of crocodile turtles and 2 live bodies of grass turtles at the home of his father-in-law in Yangjiaotang Town, Qiyang County. Subsequently, according to the confession of the suspect Zhang, the forest public security police seized about 60 live river deer in a farm in Tongyin Village, Yangjiaotang Town. On January 31, the police of the Forest Public Security Bureau of Shuyang County arrested Huang, a suspect in the same case. On March 5, 2020, the suspect Zhang was arrested by the Forest Public Security Bureau of Qiyang County on suspicion of illegally purchasing precious and endangered wild animals. The criminal suspect Huang was under surveillance for allegedly illegally transporting precious and endangered wild animals.

　　Seven, Tu and others illegal hunting case.

　　From January 17 to January 22, 2020, the suspect Tu Mou and the suspect Luo Mou illegally hunted many times in Shishi Town, Hengyang County, and hunted 4 wild black water chickens, 2 bamboo chickens and 1 rabbit. According to expert identification, all seven animals are "three-owned" wild animals. On the afternoon of February 5, 2020, Hengyang Forest Public Security Bureau arrested the suspects Tu Mou and Luo Mou, and seized 22 hunting clips, 2 traps and 40 door covers. At present, the criminal suspects Tu and Luo have been taken criminal compulsory measures for suspected illegal hunting.

　　Eight, Li Moshe illegal hunting of precious and endangered wild animals.

　　On January 22, 2020, the criminal suspect Li Moshe placed a self-made rope sling in the "Fengshulongding" mountain field of Xianpomiao Formation in Shangbao Yao Village, Qingjiang Town, Zixing City for hunting "pheasants" without obtaining a special hunting license. On February 3, 2020, the police of Zixing Forest Public Security Bureau arrested him according to the clues. It was identified that the two "pheasants" illegally hunted by Li Moshe were the national second-class protected wild animals, silver pheasant. The criminal suspect Li Moshe was taken compulsory measures for bail pending trial.

　　Nine, He Moucheng illegal hunting case

　　Since June 2019, the criminal suspect He Moucheng has illegally hunted a wild boar in the mountain field of "Huangni Jiangwubei" in Hongxing Village, Haotou Township, Rucheng County, using hemp rope and bamboo boards to make hunting sets. On February 27th, 2020, the Forest Public Security Bureau of Rucheng County arrested the suspect He Moucheng, and collected 186 hunting clips from He Moucheng’s home, including 20 hemp ropes and 10 bamboo boards for making hunting sets. On the same day, the criminal suspect He Moucheng was taken criminal compulsory measures on bail pending trial according to law.

　　X. Illegal hunting case against a certain adult, etc.

　　In February, 2019, the criminal suspect Xiang Yicheng, Xiang Jiajian and Xiang Jiaomou hunted wild animals with steel ropes in Dayi barren mountain of Lijiazhuang Village, Liangshuikou Town, Sangzhi County. A total of 18 wild boars and 6 muntjac were hunted. On February 27, 2020, the police of Sangzhi County Forest Public Security Bureau arrested the suspects who were illegally hunting in Xiangcheng, Xiangjia and Xiangjiao, and seized their illegal hunting tools such as animal traps and cages, and seized 34.9 kilograms of wild pork (dead body) in Xiangcheng and Xiangjia’s home. At present, three criminal suspects, Xiang Cheng, Xiang Jia and Xiang Jiao, have been taken criminal compulsory measures to obtain bail pending trial according to law.

How to choose a mask that suits you? How to wear a mask correctly? The Respiratory Rehabilitation Center of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University gives the following guidance.

　 　 　 　First, common masks and their characteristics

Common masks mainly include ordinary masks (such as paper masks, activated carbon masks, cotton masks, sponge masks, gauze masks, etc.), medical masks, medical surgical masks, and medical protective masks (such as N95 and KN95 masks, etc.).

Ordinary maskCan be repeatedly cleaned and used. Saliva will be left in the part of the mask that touches the nose and mouth. If it is not cleaned frequently, it will easily breed bacteria and do not meet the hygiene requirements. The fibers of cotton masks are generally very thick, which can not effectively filter smaller particles, and most of them have not passed the international safety certification, so the protection effect is not guaranteed.

Medical protective mask (N95)It has a good fit to the wearer’s face, can filter particles in the air, block pollutants such as droplets, blood, body fluids and secretions, and the filtering efficiency of non-oily particles can reach over 95%. It is a common personal protective article for dealing with airborne diseases.

Medical surgical maskIt is a commonly used medical mask in the operating room and other environments with the risk of body fluids and blood spatter. It can prevent blood and body fluids from passing through the mask and polluting the wearer, and at the same time, the filtration efficiency of bacteria is over 95%, but the filtration efficiency of particles is limited, and most of them are rectangular in design, and the tightness with the face is not as tight as that of medical protective masks. Common medical surgical masks include strap type and ear hanging type.

　There are many names for ordinary medical masks. Medical masks without the words "protection" and "surgery" in their names are all ordinary medical masks. This level of masks does not require blood barrier or tightness, so they are only used in ordinary medical environments. Most common medical masks are ear-hanging, and their appearance is similar to that of ear-hanging surgical masks.

　 　 　 　Second, how to choose the right mask?

　 　 　 　1. types and protective effects of masks: medical protective masks > medical surgical masks > common medical masks > common masks.

　 　 　 　2. Ordinary masks (such as cotton cloth, sponge, activated carbon and gauze) can only prevent dust and smog, and cannot prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses.

　 　 　 　3. Ordinary medical masks: they can be used in public places where people are not crowded.

　 　 　 　4. Medical surgical mask: The protective effect is better than ordinary medical mask, and it can be worn in crowded places in public places.

　 　 　 　5. Medical protective mask (N95/KN95): It can be used by front-line medical staff when they are in contact with patients diagnosed or suspected of COVID-19, fever clinics, field survey sampling and testing personnel, and can also be worn in crowded places or closed public places.

　 　 　 　6. Regarding the protection of novel coronavirus in the near future, medical masks should be selected, and ordinary cotton, gauze, activated carbon and other masks cannot be used.

　 　 　 　Third, the wearing method of medical surgical mask

　 　 　 Iv. Correct wearing method of N95 mask

　 　 　 1. Face the face of the mask without the nose clip, so that the nose clip is located above the mask. Hold the mask on your face with your hand and hold it against your chin.　

　 　 　 2. Pull the upper headband over your head and place it above your head.　

　 　 　 3. Pull the lower headband over your head and place it under the ear behind your neck.

　 　 　 4. Place your fingers in the middle of the metal nose clip and move your fingertips along both sides of the nose clip while pressing inward until the nose clip is completely pressed into the shape of a bridge of the nose. Pinching the nose clip of the mask with only one hand may affect the tightness of the mask.　

　 　 　 5. The user must check the tightness between the mask and the face:

　 　 　 A cover the mask with both hands to avoid affecting the position of the mask on the face;

　 　 　 B. inhale quickly. If air leaks from the bridge of the nose, readjust the nose clip according to step 4; If air leaks from the edge of the mask, the headband should be readjusted; If a good fit cannot be achieved, steps 1-4 should be repeated.

　 　 　　C. if there is no feeling of leakage, it is well worn.

　 　 　 　Breathing valve tips

Function of Breathing Valve: Using a mask with breathing valve can help you feel more comfortable when exhaling in a hot and humid working environment with poor ventilation or heavy workload. The function principle of the breathing valve is that the positive pressure of the exhaust gas blows the valve plate open when exhaling, so as to quickly remove the exhaust gas in the body and reduce the sultry feeling when using the mask, while the negative pressure when inhaling will automatically close the valve to avoid inhaling pollutants from the external environment.

　 　 　 5. When do I need to change my mask?

　 　 　 1. The 1.N95 mask can be worn for three days if it is not polluted, contaminated with droplets and deformed, and the mask is closely attached to the face. However, if you contact a patient in COVID-19, or feel that you have difficulty breathing when wearing it, you need to discard it in time.

　 　 　 2. Surgical masks and medical masks are generally worn continuously for 4 hours for replacement, and they are always replaced when they are polluted or wet.　

　 　 　 Six, how to deal with abandoned masks?

　 　 　 1. Masks worn by healthy people have no risk of spread in novel coronavirus, so they can be treated according to the requirements of domestic waste classification.

　 　 　 2. Masks worn by suspected cases or confirmed patients should not be discarded at will, and should be regarded as medical waste, which should be treated in strict accordance with the relevant procedures of medical waste and not allowed to enter the circulation market.　

This morning (October 29th), Zhili Wuyue Plaza was grandly opened. This is the third "Wuyue Square" in Huzhou after the opening of Wuyue Square in Nanxun, which is a new landmark of Zhili business! It has attracted the attention and expectation of citizens in Zhili.

Zhili Wuyue Plaza Complex Project is located at the intersection of Zhili, Xing Wu Avenue and Axiang Road, a new town in the east of Huzhou, with a total construction area of about 700,000 ㎡. Its business covers self-sustaining shopping centers, star-rated hotels, theme pedestrian streets and high-end residences (Yijingfu).

Among them, Zhili Wuyue Plaza Shopping Center consists of indoor shopping center and outdoor commercial street, with a total construction area of about 90,000 ㎡. There are 6 floors in indoor shopping, which are divided into 1 floor underground and 5 floors above ground. There are 172 brands in the shopping mall, of which 146 are the first brands to enter Zhili.

Zhili Wuyue Plaza has gathered well-known brand restaurants, children’s theme blocks, local children’s wear brand flagship stores, international sports trend brand image stores, leisure and entertainment stadiums, etc., and introduced the formats of Times Studios, theme parent-child parks, large-scale fresh supermarkets, etc., which will create a one-stop international SHOPPING MALL of "eating, drinking, shopping and entertainment", presenting a 360-degree family immersive consumption experience and becoming the first leading commercial body of the East New Town.

During the opening of Wuyue Plaza in Zhili, a series of shopping mall promotion activities were prepared, and interested citizens can go and participate.

　　Chen Xinyi of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University

　　Zhang Chenyi, Zhejiang Normal University

　　Tan Shuyu of Anhui Normal University

　　Chai Ruoyue, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics

　　On August 3rd, the original article "Can’t I like a" online celebrity "pushed by WeChat official account, the official WeChat of China University Media Alliance, attracted the attention of netizens. Ren Yuxuan, the author of the article and a 2015 undergraduate student of Communication University of China, said in the article that in the eyes of many people, it is acceptable to follow the stars, and it is hard to talk about liking "online celebrity". "True, kind, talented, with positive energy … … Can these excellent qualities only exist in the stars, but not in the grassroots ‘ Online celebrity ’ On the body? " She asked.

　　On the second day after the article was published, with the reprinting of many influential WeChat public accounts and comments from netizens, Weibo’s topic "I like a ‘ Online celebrity ’ What’s wrong? "ranked first in the hot search list, with more than 15 million readings.

　　China University Media Alliance launched a survey among 1,847 college students nationwide, among which 42% of the students surveyed said that they had "paid attention to different types of ‘ Online celebrity ’ " , 47% of the college students surveyed said "Yes ‘ Online celebrity ’ Groups don’t catch a cold ","Right ‘ Online celebrity ’ There are 10% college students who have a certain aversion.

　　"People who can bring joy and positive attitude should be respected, not because of ‘ Online celebrity ’ The two words are labeled with some inexplicable labels. " Some netizens wrote in the comments.

　　Pay attention to the "online celebrity" in literature, music, beauty, games and other fields.

　　Wu Yingqian, majoring in journalism and communication at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, has been paying attention to Weibo red man Yuan Zihao and Yuan Ziwen since high school. In Wu Yingqian’s third year of high school, she bought the first book "I hope my world will always have half of you" by the "literary brothers". At that time, she was experiencing a "low valley" in her Chinese performance. When she read that her younger brother Yuan Ziwen had encountered a bottleneck in high school and still didn’t give up, Wu Yingqian was moved. She encouraged herself by taking the "literary brothers" as an example, and she firmly believed that she could also overcome difficulties.

　　Yuan Zihao and Yuan Ziwen, who have millions of fans on Weibo, graduated from Peking University, and the two brothers became popular with the publication of their inspirational novel "May my world always have half of you" in 2013. Now almost every Weibo of the two brothers has tens of thousands of "likes". Some people even call them "two young stars flying in the sky."

　　Wu Yingqian pays close attention to the public trends of "Wenhao Brothers", and is also familiar with their brand endorsements and related activities. Even in her English composition and her usual writing class assignments, the shadow of the "literary giant" brothers is everywhere. She said that people who pay more attention to the two brothers like their works and their fine quality rather than just their handsome appearance.

　　Yang Qianyu, a junior girl from Anhui Normal University, started talking when she mentioned Priest, the writer of "online celebrity". Compared with most peers’ pursuit of high-value stars, 20-year-old Yang Qianyu admits that she does not belong to the "Appearance Association". In her view, Yan value is the heavyweight weight of online celebrity’s popularity, but without connotation and cultivation, "no matter how beautiful the face is, it won’t last long".

　　Priest in Yang Qianyu’s mouth graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University, and is an online novel writer. She is recognized as "highly educated online celebrity". According to public data, Priest’s novel collection has exceeded 150,000. Similar to many popular writers, whenever Priest updates chapters, it always causes positive responses from fans.

　　Yang Qianyu came across Priest’s works when she was a sophomore in high school. She regarded Priest as her "goddess". She feels that although the online writer is only Priest’s deputy, it can be seen from the lines of the works that Priest has shown good strength in every work.

　　Influenced by idols, Yang Qianyu, who chose the Chinese Department in the university, has now embarked on the road of writing. Since January this year, Yang Qianyu has been busy updating her works. Although she has only collected 10 readers and 3 flowers so far, she still feels great satisfaction even if she is recognized by only one reader.

　　Bai Yanxin, a college student who likes to make up and take photos everyday, has followed nearly 500 "online celebrity" such as "Fashion Blogger" and "Beauty Blogger" on Weibo. She pays attention to the daily life of "online celebrity", wears recommendations, and reads Weibo recommended by different beauty bloggers to help her "not miss" when shopping.

　　“‘ Online celebrity ’ It is an ordinary person who is very close to us. "

　　"I think ‘ Online celebrity ’ It is a group of people who are better than us in some respects. They are not as high as stars or other celebrities, and we ordinary people can also reach them. " Ye Yu mentioned an experience with online celebrity.

　　On one occasion, Ye Yu wanted to find a song, but because of copyright issues, the song has not been published online. Later, "online celebrity" Didi helped him. Didi is a music producer and often composes music for singers. On a live broadcast platform, he has nearly 100,000 fans.

　　Last August, Ye Yu came to Beijing for a concert and met Didi offline. "We talked a lot about music and life." Ye Yu recalled that during that period, he had been struggling whether to formally develop into music, and Didi strengthened his confidence. "Didi told me that the key to making music is to have a heart. Many people in the music circle became monks halfway, and some even became good producers without training."

　　After learning that Ye Yu wanted to study music formally, Didi became his keyboard teacher. "Didi is very willing to lead the way for people who really want to learn. He also recommended many books on music theory to me, and many of my vocal music teachers are also introduced by him." Ye Yu said.

　　There are many "online celebrity" like Didi in Ye Yu’s WeChat. "I think now ‘ Online celebrity ’ Slowly transforming, ‘ Awl face ’ Cannot represent all ‘ Online celebrity ’ , I am now concerned about ‘ Online celebrity ’ It is precisely those who are capable and talented. " Ye Yu said.

　　Gan Tian, a teacher in the psychology department of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, believes that from the psychological point of view, young people’s liking for "online celebrity" is the result of the interaction of two seemingly contradictory psychological factors: conformity psychology and seeking difference psychology. On the one hand, it is easy for young people to form a trend of chasing "online celebrity" in similar circle of friends. At the same time, the distinctive features of "online celebrity" give people a sense of chasing unconventional behavior.

　　“‘ Online celebrity ’ It is easier to resonate, which is called ‘ Empathy ’ . ‘ Online celebrity ’ Just like an ordinary person around you, you think he is very interesting and characteristic, more grounded and more easily attracted to him. " Sweet said.

　　In the sweet view, whether you like "online celebrity" or a star, it is an opportunity for self-recognition. "Know yourself, analyze yourself, find the reasons, and think about liking ‘ Online celebrity ’ The reason, can more rationally chase ‘ Online celebrity ’ 。”

　　"Yes ‘ Online celebrity ’ The evaluation cannot be generalized. "

　　Gao Yiwei, from Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, said that he seldom logs in to Weibo. As soon as he heard "online celebrity" in Weibo, he frowned. "Hypocrisy, exaggeration and affectation." He said of the "online celebrity".

　　In his impression, "online celebrity" is mostly "with an awl chin that is too sharp, a high-profile style of showing off wealth and overconfidence in appearance". He still remembers a popular video he accidentally saw in Weibo, in which a "online celebrity" cried and shouted at the screen of his mobile phone that he was being chased. He felt bored and difficult to understand.

　　Gao Yiwei believes that many "online celebrity" do some meaningless and eye-catching things that violate the values in pursuit of clicks and attention, which is disgusting.

　　Similar to Gao Yiwei’s point of view, when it comes to online celebrity, Shen Zhe immediately thinks of words such as "plastic face", "showing off one’s position" and "showing off one’s wealth". Shen Zhe felt that for these "online celebrity", even criticism and questioning are a kind of flow, so they have been "out of sight, out of mind".

　　Gan Tian said that when people saw that the image of "online celebrity" was mostly the image of "plastic face", they naturally labeled it as such. The advantage of "labeling" is that it can help people understand this matter quickly and deal with some problems, but on the other hand, it is not so objective and comprehensive, but it is biased. Some "online celebrity" will be grandstanding and transmit a lot of negative energy and information in order to attract fans and keep the number of fans. When many prominent negative energy "online celebrity" becomes a "stereotyped" impression, most people will feel disgusted with "online celebrity".

　　Chen Peng, director of the Department of Communication, School of Literature, Nankai University, believes that there is no standard definition of "online celebrity". He explained: "We usually call this group that has greatly improved its popularity, attention and fans through some online behaviors, activities and events through the Internet platform ‘ Online celebrity ’ 。”

　　"Many times, ‘ Online celebrity ’ Need to do something out of line to become a ‘ Explosions ’ And these behaviors or events themselves are easy to cause controversy. But if it is not out of line and there is no controversy, it will be difficult to attract attention. " Chen Peng said that it is easy for people to have a lot of negative views on "online celebrity" by gaining a high number of fans through outrageous events or events that break the bottom line. He also said that this kind of controversial "online celebrity" is usually short-lived and unsustainable.

　　"Yes ‘ Online celebrity ’ The evaluation cannot be generalized. " A university teacher thinks that if we evaluate the group of "online celebrity", we must pay attention to what they do in combination with the specific "online celebrity". He mentioned that he would consciously share some examples of positive energy "online celebrity" with students during the interval of daily teaching. "Actually ‘ Online celebrity ’ There are many excellent and positive cases in the group, such as the graduation speech delivered by Genshu, the former president of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the reading of old academicians in the second class of high-speed rail, which are worth promoting and learning by students ‘ Online celebrity ’ 。”

Intermediate People’s Court of Baiyin City, Gansu Province (CCTV reporter An Wenjian)

　　CCTV News:This morning, the Intermediate People’s Court of Baiyin City, Gansu Province publicly pronounced the case of the defendant Gao Chengyong’s incidental civil action of robbery, intentional homicide, rape and insult to the body.Defendant Gao Chengyong was convicted of robbery, intentional homicide, rape and insulting a corpse, and was sentenced to death and deprived of political rights for life.Gao Chengyong said in court that he would not appeal.From 1988 to 2002, Gao Chengyong killed 11 women in Gansu and Inner Mongolia provinces, and the youngest victim was only 8 years old.

　　According to the facts, nature and circumstances of the crime committed by the defendant Gao Chengyong and the degree of harm to society, the court of first instance sentenced the defendant Gao Chengyong to robbery, sentenced him to death, deprived him of his political rights for life and confiscated all his personal property. Guilty of intentional homicide, sentenced to death and deprived of political rights for life; He was convicted of rape and sentenced to 10 years in prison and deprived of political rights for three years; He was convicted of insulting the corpse and sentenced to three years in prison; Decided to execute the death penalty, deprived of political rights for life, and confiscated all personal property. In addition, the defendant Gao Chengyong was sentenced to compensate the plaintiff in the incidental civil action for material losses. Gao Chengyong said in court that he would not appeal. (CCTV reporter Shi Yunsong)

　　The murderer killed 11 people in 14 years, and the police pursued him for 28 years.

　　From May 1988 to February 2002, for the purpose of seeking money, raping women and satisfying abnormal psychology, the defendant Gao Chengyong committed crimes of intentional homicide, rape, robbery and insulting corpses in Baiyin City, Gansu Province and Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, resulting in 11 female victims’ deaths (10 in Baiyin District, Baiyin City, Gansu Province and 1 in Kundulun District, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region).

　　So how did the police find the suspect Gao Chengyong? According to the police investigation, from the first case in 1988 to the last case in 2002, the suspect never seemed to hide his traces, and the task force also extracted the suspect’s fingerprints, footprints, biological traces and other evidence. Due to the limited conditions at that time, all fingerprints could only be identified manually. These exhibits failed to help the police find clues about the suspect in the vast sea of people.

　　In 2011, Baiyin established a DNA laboratory with the support of the Ministry of Public Security and Gansu Provincial Public Security Department, and gradually developed DNA-Y chromosome technology. This also provides a new means of solving crimes for the task force. With the help of new technology, 28 years later, on August 26th, 2016, Gao Chengyong was arrested by the police in a grocery store in Baiyin, and confessed to the crime of killing 11 women.

　　　

　　On July 18th, 2017, the Baiyin Intermediate People’s Court of Gansu held a closed hearing on Gao Chengyong’s case. The prosecution accused Gao Chengyong of four counts, including intentional homicide, rape, robbery and insulting the corpse.

Gansu Baiyin case trial site of first instance